A client with depression is taking phenelzine (Nardil). The nurse advises the client to avoid consuming which food?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Yogurt. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) medication used to treat depression. MAOIs can interact with foods high in tyramine, which can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure known as hypertensive crisis. Yogurt contains tyramine, so consuming it while taking phenelzine can be harmful. Crackers (Option A), vegetable salad (Option B), and oatmeal (Option C) do not contain significant amounts of tyramine, so they are safe to consume while taking phenelzine. It is important for clients on MAOIs to be aware of foods to avoid to prevent dangerous interactions. This question provides important educational context on the dietary restrictions associated with MAOI medications. Understanding these interactions is crucial for both clients and healthcare providers to ensure safe and effective treatment of depression. Clients should be educated on the potential risks of certain foods while taking MAOIs to prevent adverse effects and ensure treatment success.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Benztropine (Cogentin). Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms caused by antipsychotic medications like fluphenazine. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, helping to rebalance the neurotransmitters in the brain and reduce the side effects of pseudoparkinsonism and akinesia. Option B) Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant primarily used to treat conditions like malignant hyperthermia and spasticity, not extrapyramidal symptoms. Option C) Clonazepam and Option D) Diazepam are both benzodiazepines commonly used to treat anxiety, seizures, and muscle spasms. While they may help with agitation or anxiety associated with schizophrenia, they do not directly address extrapyramidal symptoms. In an educational context, understanding the side effects of psychotropic medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care for clients with mental health disorders. Knowing the appropriate interventions, such as administering anticholinergic medications like benztropine, can significantly improve the quality of care and outcomes for clients experiencing adverse drug reactions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Heterocyclics. Heterocyclic antidepressants, including amitriptyline, amoxapine, doxepin, and nortriptyline, are a class of medications that work by affecting the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. They are commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health conditions. Option B) Neuroleptics are a different class of medications primarily used to treat psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, and they work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Option C) Serotonin Specific Agents primarily target serotonin levels in the brain and are commonly used to treat conditions like depression and anxiety. Option D) MAO Inhibitors are another class of antidepressants that work by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase. Understanding the classes of psychotropic medications is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in mental health settings. It is important to be able to differentiate between these classes to ensure the safe and effective treatment of patients with various mental health conditions. A thorough knowledge of psychotropic medications helps in making informed decisions regarding medication selection, monitoring for side effects, and optimizing treatment outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) The 42-year-old client taking a loop diuretic because administering lithium to a client taking a loop diuretic can lead to lithium toxicity. Loop diuretics can reduce lithium excretion, increasing its levels in the body to toxic levels. This interaction poses a serious risk to the client's health. A) The 30-year-old client with a urine output of 40 mL/hour is not a contraindication for lithium administration. In fact, monitoring the client's urine output is important when administering lithium to prevent dehydration and kidney damage. B) The 54-year-old client on a 4-g sodium diet does not present a direct contraindication to lithium administration. However, high sodium levels can affect lithium levels in the body, necessitating careful monitoring. C) The 23-year-old client taking an antidepressant medication does not directly contraindicate lithium administration. In fact, lithium is often used in conjunction with antidepressants to treat certain mood disorders. Educational context: Understanding contraindications and potential drug interactions is crucial in the safe administration of psychotropic medications like lithium. Nurses must be aware of these interactions to prevent adverse effects and ensure the efficacy of the prescribed treatment. This case emphasizes the importance of thorough medication assessment and the need for vigilance in identifying possible contraindications to specific medications.