A client with colon cancer requires a permanent colostomy because of the tumor location. After surgery, the client must learn how to irrigate the colostomy. When irrigating, how far into the stoma should the client insert the lubricated catheter?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 1” to 1.5”. When irrigating a colostomy, the client should insert the lubricated catheter about 1” to 1.5” into the stoma. This depth allows for effective irrigation of the colon without causing discomfort or damage. Inserting the catheter too shallow (choice A) may not reach the colon, while inserting it too deep (choices B and D) can cause injury or perforation. Therefore, the optimal depth of 1” to 1.5” ensures proper irrigation while minimizing risks of complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer. Choice B is incorrect as PSA is specific to the prostate, not protein levels. Choice C is incorrect as pneumococcal strep antigen is related to pneumonia, not PSA. Choice D is incorrect as Papanicolua-specific antigen is not a recognized term, and PSA is not used to screen for cervical cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: It inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Mitomycin works by cross-linking DNA, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and ultimately causing cell death. This mechanism of action makes it effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells. B: It’s cell cycle-phase specific - This is incorrect because mitomycin is not specific to a particular phase of the cell cycle. C: It inhibits ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis - This is incorrect as mitomycin primarily targets DNA synthesis, not RNA synthesis. D: It inhibits protein synthesis - This is incorrect as mitomycin's main mechanism of action is through DNA cross-linking, not protein synthesis inhibition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is C: “Would you like to meet with your family and your physician about this matter?” Rationale: 1. Involving the family and physician ensures a collaborative decision-making process. 2. It respects the client's autonomy and involves them in the decision-making process. 3. It promotes open communication and support from loved ones. 4. It addresses the client's concerns about continuing treatment based on family wishes. Summary: A: Refers to psychological support, but the client's primary concern is medical treatment decisions. B: Involves religious support, which may not align with the client's beliefs or address the medical decision. D: Acknowledges the client's feelings but lacks a collaborative approach involving family and healthcare team.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Detects the presence of malignant cells. Biopsy involves taking a sample of tissue to examine under a microscope for the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells. This procedure is crucial for diagnosing cancer accurately. Choice B (Measures hemoglobin content) is incorrect because hemoglobin content is typically measured through blood tests, not biopsies. Choice C (Measures the RBC size) is incorrect as RBC size is usually assessed through a complete blood count (CBC) test, not a biopsy. Choice D (Detects arterial occlusion) is incorrect because arterial occlusion is typically diagnosed through imaging studies like Doppler ultrasound or angiography, not through a biopsy procedure.