A client with chronic schizophrenia has had a stroke involving the hippocampus. The client will be discharged on low doses of haloperidol. The nurse who must provide medication teaching will need to adjust the teaching plan to account for client problems with:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Memory. The hippocampus is crucial for memory formation and retrieval. Since the client's hippocampus is affected by the stroke, they may experience memory deficits. Teaching about medication administration needs to be adjusted to accommodate the client's impaired memory to ensure they understand and remember the instructions. Summary: - Choice A is correct because the hippocampus is involved in memory. - Choice B (Expressive aphasia) is incorrect as it pertains to language expression, not memory. - Choice C (Emotional control) is incorrect as it is not directly related to hippocampal function. - Choice D (Poor balance and coordination) is incorrect as it is not typically associated with hippocampal damage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a digoxin level of 1.4 ng/mL falls within the therapeutic range of 0.5-2 ng/mL. This level is appropriate for treating heart conditions effectively without causing toxicity. Choice A is incorrect because 1.4 ng/mL is within the therapeutic range. Choice C is incorrect as the level is not above the therapeutic range. Choice D is incorrect because a level of 1.4 ng/mL is not considered toxic.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thiazide diuretics. Thiazide diuretics are commonly used as first-line therapy for hypertension due to their effectiveness in reducing blood pressure by promoting diuresis. They work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to decreased fluid volume and lower blood pressure. Thiazides are well-tolerated and have shown to reduce cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Loop diuretics (A) are more potent and are typically reserved for patients with more severe fluid overload conditions. Osmotic diuretics (B) are used for acute renal failure or cerebral edema, not for hypertension. Potassium-sparing diuretics (D) are typically used in combination with thiazides to prevent hypokalemia, not as initial therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hydrophilic substances cannot permeate membranes by passive diffusion due to their polarity and inability to dissolve in the hydrophobic lipid bilayer. This prevents them from crossing the membrane without the assistance of transport proteins. A, B, and C are incorrect because lipid-soluble, non-ionized substances, and hydrophobic substances can easily pass through membranes by passive diffusion as they can dissolve in the lipid bilayer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cAMP. G-protein-coupled receptors activate adenylyl cyclase, leading to the production of cAMP, which acts as the second messenger. cAMP then triggers downstream signaling cascades. Choice A (Adenylyl cyclase) is the enzyme activated by G-protein-coupled receptors, not a second messenger itself. Choice B (Sodium ions) is not typically involved in GPCR signaling pathways. Choice C (Phospholipase C) generates inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, which are part of a separate signaling pathway, not the second messenger system for GPCRs.