A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving nutrition education. Which nutrition information should the nurse include in this client's teaching? (Select ONE that does not apply)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Eat high-fiber foods to promote gastric emptying. Clients with COPD often have decreased appetite and energy expenditure, making it challenging to consume high-fiber foods. This can lead to bloating and increased work of breathing. High-fiber foods can also cause delayed gastric emptying, which can exacerbate symptoms of dyspnea and discomfort in COPD patients. Therefore, it is important for clients with COPD to focus on easily digestible and nutrient-dense foods to support their nutritional needs. Avoid drinking fluids just before and during meals (A) is important to prevent excessive fullness and bloating, Rest before meals if you have dyspnea (B) is essential to conserve energy and optimize breathing during meals, and having about six small meals a day (C) can help maintain energy levels without overwhelming the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drink at least eight glasses of water each day. This statement does not directly relate to smoking cessation. Staying hydrated is important for overall health, but it is not a specific strategy for quitting smoking. Choices A, B, and D are all relevant to smoking cessation. A: Finding an activity to keep hands busy can help distract from the urge to smoke. B: Keeping snacks on hand can help manage cravings and replace the oral fixation of smoking. D: Making a list of reasons for quitting can provide motivation and remind the client of their goals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased anterior-posterior (AP) chest diameter. In COPD, the lungs lose their elasticity, trapping air and causing hyperinflation. This leads to increased AP chest diameter due to barrel chest appearance. Option B is incorrect because COPD often results in an increased respiratory rate due to difficulty breathing. Option C is incorrect as weight gain is not a typical finding in COPD, which is often associated with weight loss. Option D is incorrect as a productive cough with yellow sputum is more commonly seen in respiratory infections rather than COPD exacerbations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because using the peak flow meter every morning provides a baseline measurement of lung function when the client is typically stable. This allows for early detection of changes and adjustment of treatment. Choice B is incorrect as waiting until feeling short of breath may be too late. Choice C is incorrect because using the peak flow meter before the inhaler may not provide an accurate measurement. Choice D is incorrect as using the peak flow meter after the inhaler may not reflect the true lung function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute. In a client with COPD, a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute indicates severe respiratory depression and impending respiratory failure. Immediate intervention is necessary to prevent hypoxia and respiratory arrest. Oxygen saturation of 91% (choice A) is low but not as critical as a low respiratory rate. Shortness of breath (choice C) is expected in COPD but does not indicate immediate danger. Use of accessory muscles (choice D) is a sign of respiratory distress, but a low respiratory rate is more concerning for imminent respiratory failure.