A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being taught by a nurse. What nutrition information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. High-fiber foods promote gastric emptying, reducing the risk of bloating and discomfort in COPD patients. 2. COPD patients may experience decreased appetite, and high-fiber foods can provide necessary nutrients without overeating. 3. Increased fiber intake can aid in managing constipation, a common issue in patients with COPD due to decreased physical activity. Summary: A: Avoiding fluids before meals is not directly related to COPD management. B: Resting before meals may help with dyspnea but does not address nutritional needs. C: Consuming six small meals a day may not be necessary for all COPD patients and is not as crucial as promoting gastric emptying with high-fiber foods.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Eat high-fiber foods to promote gastric emptying. Clients with COPD often have decreased appetite and energy expenditure, making it challenging to consume high-fiber foods. This can lead to bloating and increased work of breathing. High-fiber foods can also cause delayed gastric emptying, which can exacerbate symptoms of dyspnea and discomfort in COPD patients. Therefore, it is important for clients with COPD to focus on easily digestible and nutrient-dense foods to support their nutritional needs. Avoid drinking fluids just before and during meals (A) is important to prevent excessive fullness and bloating, Rest before meals if you have dyspnea (B) is essential to conserve energy and optimize breathing during meals, and having about six small meals a day (C) can help maintain energy levels without overwhelming the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: - Option C, stating that physical therapy has approved the client for treadmill exercise, is unrelated to pulmonary function tests (PFTs). PFTs measure lung function, not physical therapy or exercise tolerance. - Options A, B, and D are all essential for accurate PFT results. A) Ensuring the client did not use bronchodilators can affect test outcomes. B) The location for the examination is not relevant as long as the equipment is available. D) Instructing the client not to smoke before the test is crucial as smoking can affect lung function.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drink at least eight glasses of water each day. This statement does not directly relate to smoking cessation. Staying hydrated is important for overall health, but it is not a specific strategy for quitting smoking. Choices A, B, and D are all relevant to smoking cessation. A: Finding an activity to keep hands busy can help distract from the urge to smoke. B: Keeping snacks on hand can help manage cravings and replace the oral fixation of smoking. D: Making a list of reasons for quitting can provide motivation and remind the client of their goals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased anterior-posterior (AP) chest diameter. In COPD, the lungs lose their elasticity, trapping air and causing hyperinflation. This leads to increased AP chest diameter due to barrel chest appearance. Option B is incorrect because COPD often results in an increased respiratory rate due to difficulty breathing. Option C is incorrect as weight gain is not a typical finding in COPD, which is often associated with weight loss. Option D is incorrect as a productive cough with yellow sputum is more commonly seen in respiratory infections rather than COPD exacerbations.