A client with breast cancer is being taught by a nurse about the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding, which can occur due to chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush can help prevent gum bleeding and oral trauma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: Sore throat.' Doxorubicin is known to have immunosuppressive effects, which can predispose the client to infections. A sore throat can be an early sign of infection, and prompt reporting to the healthcare provider is crucial to initiate appropriate interventions and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hypertension. Bevacizumab is a medication that works by inhibiting the growth of blood vessels that feed tumors. One of the common side effects of bevacizumab is hypertension due to its mechanism of action. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial to detect and manage any increase in blood pressure promptly. Option B) Hypokalemia, Option C) Hyperglycemia, and Option D) Hypocalcemia are not typically associated with bevacizumab treatment. Hypokalemia is more commonly seen with diuretic use, hyperglycemia with corticosteroid use, and hypocalcemia with medications that interfere with calcium metabolism. In an educational context, understanding the side effects of medications is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Pharmacology knowledge allows nurses to anticipate, recognize, and manage potential adverse effects of medications, ensuring patient safety and positive treatment outcomes. Regular monitoring and assessment play a crucial role in early detection and intervention in case of side effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and specifically with docetaxel therapy, it is crucial for the nurse to instruct the client to report dyspnea. Docetaxel is a chemotherapy medication known to cause pulmonary toxicity, including interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Dyspnea can be an early sign of these serious respiratory adverse effects and prompt reporting can lead to timely intervention to prevent further complications. Regarding the other options: A) Flushing is not typically associated with docetaxel therapy, so it is not a priority finding to report. C) Hyperglycemia is a potential side effect of some medications but is not a common or significant adverse effect of docetaxel. D) Tinnitus is not a common side effect of docetaxel and is not a priority finding in this context. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding common side effects and potential adverse reactions of medications, as well as the significance of prioritizing specific findings that could indicate serious complications. Nurses need to be vigilant in educating clients about potential side effects and the importance of timely reporting to ensure safe and effective pharmacological therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The healthcare professional should monitor the client for ototoxicity when receiving carboplatin. Ototoxicity is a known serious adverse effect associated with this medication, characterized by damage to the inner ear structures leading to hearing loss or balance issues. Monitoring for hearing changes and balance problems is crucial to detect ototoxicity early and prevent further complications.