A client with asthma is prescribed a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) inhaler. When should the client use this medication?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Before engaging in exercise. SABAs are used as quick-relief medications to provide immediate relief of asthma symptoms, such as shortness of breath and wheezing. Using the inhaler before exercise helps prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by opening up the airways. Option A is incorrect because using SABA daily at bedtime is not recommended and can lead to overuse. Option C is incorrect as SABA should be used as needed for quick relief, not necessarily after taking a corticosteroid inhaler. Option D is incorrect because SABA should be used not only during severe asthma attacks but also before physical activity to prevent symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because positioning the patient sitting up on the side of the bed allows for better access to the thoracic cavity during thoracentesis. This position helps to maximize lung expansion, making it easier for the healthcare provider to access the pleural effusion. Starting a peripheral IV line to administer sedatives (Choice A) is not necessary for thoracentesis preparation. Obtaining a collection device to hold 3 liters of pleural fluid (Choice C) is not a necessary step for preparing the patient for the procedure. Reminding the patient not to eat or drink for 6 hours (Choice D) is not a standard requirement for thoracentesis preparation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Instruct the patient to refrain from smoking for 6 hours before testing. Rationale: 1. Smoking can affect lung function, so refraining from smoking before pulmonary function tests helps obtain accurate results. 2. Smoking can lead to airway constriction, affecting test outcomes. 3. The 6-hour timeframe allows for a sufficient period for the effects of smoking to diminish. 4. Not smoking before testing ensures that the test results reflect the patient's true lung function. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect because using bronchodilators before the test may alter the test results. - Choice C is incorrect as fasting is not necessary for pulmonary function tests. - Choice D is incorrect as incentive spirometry is not typically performed before pulmonary function tests.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct next step is to schedule a chest x-ray to evaluate for active tuberculosis. A positive Mantoux test indicates exposure to the tuberculosis bacteria but doesn't confirm active disease. A chest x-ray helps determine if there is active infection in the lungs. Starting four-drug therapy for tuberculosis (A) is premature without confirming active disease. Repeating the Mantoux test (C) is unnecessary as it won't differentiate between latent and active infection. Administering the BCG vaccine (D) is not indicated in this case as the patient already has a positive Mantoux test.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because maintaining oxygen saturation above 90% is essential for patients with COPD to prevent further respiratory complications. Oxygen therapy helps improve oxygen levels in the blood, reducing the workload on the heart and improving overall oxygen delivery to tissues. Administering oxygen is the immediate intervention needed to improve the patient's oxygen saturation. Option B is incorrect as deep breathing exercises alone may not be sufficient to increase oxygen levels in the blood significantly. Option C is incorrect because notifying the healthcare provider is not the immediate action needed to address the low oxygen saturation. Option D is incorrect as monitoring respiratory rate alone does not address the immediate need to improve oxygen saturation levels.