A client with angina is being taught how to use nitroglycerin transdermal ointment. Which instruction should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction is to remove the prior dose before applying a new one to prevent toxicity. Nitroglycerin ointment can cause adverse effects if accumulated doses are not removed. Rubbing the ointment until it's not visible or covering it with gauze may alter absorption. Applying it to the same area each time can lead to skin irritation or desensitization.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Protamine. Protamine is the specific antidote for heparin, a common anticoagulant medication. Heparin works by inhibiting the activity of clotting factors, which can lead to bleeding complications. Protamine works by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects, and thus reversing its potential for causing bleeding. A) Vitamin K1 is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, another type of anticoagulant that works differently from heparin. It is not the appropriate antidote for heparin-induced bleeding. B) Atropine is used to treat bradycardia or certain types of poisoning. It is not indicated for heparin-induced bleeding. D) Calcium gluconate is used to treat conditions like hypocalcemia or to counteract the effects of calcium channel blocker overdose. It is not the antidote for heparin-induced bleeding. In an educational context, understanding antidotes for common medications is crucial for nursing practice to ensure patient safety and appropriate intervention in case of adverse drug reactions. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about antidotes specific to different medications to provide timely and effective care to their patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bone pain is a known adverse effect of Filgrastim, which is dose-related. By assessing for bone pain, the nurse can monitor for this common side effect. Acetaminophen and, if necessary, an opioid analgesic can be used to manage the bone pain associated with Filgrastim. Assessing for right lower quadrant pain, crackles in the bases of the lungs, or heart murmurs would not directly relate to the adverse effects of Filgrastim in a client with chronic Neutropenia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "Take these medications with food," is the correct answer that the nurse should include in the teaching. When a patient is prescribed Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin to treat a peptic ulcer, taking these medications with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and stomach upset. Option B, "These medications can turn your stool black," is incorrect as this side effect is more commonly associated with medications like iron supplements or bismuth subsalicylate, not with Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin. Option C, "These medications can cause photosensitivity," is also incorrect. Photosensitivity is a side effect typically seen with medications like certain antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines), diuretics, and NSAIDs, but not with Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin. Option D, "The purpose of these medications is to decrease the pH of gastric juices in the stomach," is incorrect. Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin are antibiotics used to eradicate H. pylori bacteria associated with peptic ulcers, not to directly decrease the pH of gastric juices. In an educational context, it is vital for nurses to understand the rationale behind medication instructions to provide accurate and safe patient care. Teaching patients about the importance of taking certain medications with food can significantly impact treatment outcomes and reduce potential side effects, demonstrating the importance of patient education in pharmacological management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "I will need to get my blood drawn periodically while on this medication," is the correct answer. Etanercept is a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Regular monitoring of blood parameters, including complete blood count and liver function tests, is crucial to assess for potential adverse effects such as cytopenias and hepatotoxicity. This statement indicates the client understands the importance of monitoring while on this medication. Option B, "I should stop taking this medication if I develop a rash," is incorrect. While it is essential to report any adverse reactions to healthcare providers, a rash alone may not necessarily warrant discontinuation of Etanercept. It is crucial for the client to consult their healthcare provider before making any decisions regarding medication cessation. Option C, "I will need to limit my alcohol intake to no more than one drink per week," is also incorrect. While alcohol moderation is generally advisable, there is no specific restriction on alcohol intake associated with Etanercept use. The focus should be on adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen and regular follow-up with healthcare providers. Option D, "I should self-administer this medication subcutaneously into the muscle," is incorrect. Etanercept is typically administered subcutaneously into fatty tissue, not into the muscle. Proper injection technique, site rotation, and disposal of needles should be taught to the client to ensure safe and effective medication administration. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to provide clear and accurate information to clients about their medications to promote medication adherence and safety. Understanding the rationale behind various aspects of medication administration and monitoring empowers clients to take an active role in their healthcare management. Regular reinforcement of medication teaching and monitoring requirements can help clients manage their condition effectively and minimize potential risks.