A client with an upper respiratory infection (common cold) tells the nurse, “I am so angry with the nurse practitioner because he would not give me any antibiotics.” What would be the most accurate response by the nurse?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A - "Antibiotics have no effect on viruses." Rationale: 1. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections like the common cold. 2. Educating the client on this fact helps manage expectations and prevent unnecessary antibiotic use. 3. Option A provides accurate information and promotes appropriate antibiotic stewardship. Summary: B: Passing the responsibility to another healthcare provider does not address the client’s misunderstanding. C: Asking why the client thinks they need an antibiotic does not provide direct education about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viral infections. D: Agreeing with the client's request for antibiotics without providing accurate information reinforces misconceptions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Major burns disrupt the integrity of the skin, the body's first line of defense against infection. Step 2: Intact skin and mucous membranes protect against microbial invasion by acting as physical barriers. Step 3: When these barriers are compromised, such as in major burns, the risk for infection increases. Step 4: Therefore, the rationale for a nursing diagnosis of Risk for Infection in a client with major burns is due to the compromised protection provided by intact skin and mucous membranes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Antimicrobial products. Antimicrobial products are recommended for hand hygiene in high infection risk settings as they are specifically designed to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, reducing the risk of spreading infections. Liquid or bar hand soap (A) may not be effective against all types of pathogens. Cold water (B) is not as effective in removing dirt and germs as hot water (C), but temperature alone does not eliminate microbes. Antimicrobial products have proven efficacy in reducing microbial load on hands, making them the most suitable choice for high infection risk settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sweat. Standard precautions are recommended for all bodily fluids and substances that may contain bloodborne pathogens. Sweat does not typically contain a significant amount of pathogens compared to blood, urine, and vomitus. Therefore, the CDC guidelines do not designate standard precautions for sweat. Urine (A), blood (B), and vomitus (D) are all bodily fluids that can potentially contain pathogens and require standard precautions to prevent transmission of infections.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wear a pair of sterile latex gloves. This is the appropriate intervention to protect the nurse from infection while cleaning open wounds. Sterile latex gloves create a barrier between the nurse's hands and the client's wound, minimizing the risk of cross-contamination. Alcohol-based hand wash (choice A) is important for hand hygiene but does not provide sufficient protection for open wound cleaning. Sterilizing acid (choice C) is too harsh and can damage the wound tissue. Using sterile solutions such as normal saline (choice D) is beneficial for wound irrigation but does not replace the need for gloves to protect against infection transmission.