ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with an ileostomy wants to know why to avoid fibrous vegetables. What should be the nurse's response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fibrous vegetables can potentially cause stomal obstruction in clients with an ileostomy due to their indigestible nature, leading to blockages in the stoma. This can result in severe complications and require medical intervention. Gas formation (choice A) is a common issue with high-fiber foods but is not specific to fibrous vegetables. Fibrous vegetables are not necessarily difficult to digest (choice C) for most individuals, although they may be harder for those with reduced gut function. While fibrous vegetables may contribute to loose stools, they do not directly increase the risk of diarrhea (choice D) in the same way they can cause stomal obstruction.
Question 2 of 5
A patient asks the nurse about taking phentermine and topiramate (Qsymia) for weight loss. To avoid side effects
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is essential to determine if the patient has a history of certain conditions before prescribing Qsymia. This medication can worsen glaucoma (not just a history of it) making option B incorrect. Option C is incorrect because Qsymia can actually help manage hypertension. Option D is incorrect because while valvular heart disease can be a concern, it is not the primary factor to consider before prescribing this medication.
Question 3 of 5
Which esophageal disorder is described as a precancerous lesion associated with GERD?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Barrett's esophagus is the correct answer because it is a precancerous condition resulting from long-term GERD. The constant exposure to stomach acid causes changes in the esophageal lining, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer. Achalasia (A) is a motility disorder characterized by difficulty swallowing due to impaired esophageal muscle movement. Esophageal strictures (C) are narrowing of the esophagus, commonly caused by chronic inflammation or scarring, but not directly associated with GERD. Esophageal diverticula (D) are outpouchings in the esophageal wall, not specifically linked to GERD or cancer risk.
Question 4 of 5
Priority Decision: In instituting a bowel training program for a patient with fecal incontinence, what should the nurse first plan to do?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because assisting the patient to the bathroom at the time of their normal defecation helps establish a routine for bowel movements, which is crucial in bowel training. This step maximizes the chances of success by utilizing the body's natural cues. Teaching the patient to use a perianal pouch (A) does not address the underlying issue of incontinence. Inserting a rectal suppository (B) may provide temporary relief but does not promote long-term bowel control. Placing the patient on a bedpan (C) at a specific time does not actively involve the patient in the process of bowel training.
Question 5 of 5
An important nursing intervention for a patient with a small intestinal obstruction who has an NG tube is to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: provide mouth care every 1 to 2 hours. This is crucial to maintain oral hygiene and comfort for the patient with an NG tube to prevent complications like dry mouth and infection. Offering ice chips (choice A) may worsen the obstruction. Irrigating the tube with normal saline (choice C) can disrupt the bowel and is not recommended. Keeping the patient supine with the head of the bed elevated (choice D) is a general measure but not specific to NG tube care.