Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5 FU [Fluoroplex]). Fluorouracil is commonly used in chemotherapy for liver cancer to inhibit cancer cell growth. It is a pyrimidine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. Fluoxymesterone (A) is an androgen used in hormone replacement therapy, not in liver cancer treatment. Tamoxifen (C) is an antiestrogen used in breast cancer treatment, not liver cancer. Megestrol (D) is a progestin used in hormone therapy for breast cancer and endometrial cancer, not liver cancer. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it directly targets cancer cell growth in liver cancer treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (5 years) because ALS is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. The median life expectancy for most ALS patients is around 3-5 years from the onset of symptoms. Choice A (3 years) is too short for 50% of patients. Choice B (10 years) and Choice D (20 years) are longer than the typical life expectancy for ALS patients, making them incorrect. The progression of ALS varies among individuals, but statistically, 50% of patients would be expected to live around 5 years after diagnosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Performing a physical examination. This method allows the nurse to gather comprehensive data about the patient's health status, including vital signs, physical appearance, and potential health issues. It provides valuable information for developing an individualized care plan. Reviewing literature (A) is important but not for establishing a patient's database. Checking orders (B) and ordering medications (D) are part of the treatment process and do not directly contribute to establishing the initial patient database.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diagnostic reasoning. The nurse is using assessment data to analyze, interpret, and make a judgement about the patient's condition. This process involves critical thinking skills to develop a nursing diagnosis. Choice A (Assigning clinical cues) is incorrect because it refers to identifying specific signs and symptoms. Choice B (Defining characteristics) is incorrect as it pertains to the features of a diagnosed condition. Choice D (Diagnostic labeling) is incorrect because it focuses on naming a specific nursing diagnosis. Diagnostic reasoning encompasses the entire process of analyzing data, making connections, and formulating a nursing diagnosis based on critical thinking.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures. In chronic hyperparathyroidism, there is excessive release of parathyroid hormone, leading to increased bone resorption and calcium release from bones, causing bone demineralization and weakening. This puts the client at risk for pathologic fractures. Choice B is incorrect because exhaustion is not a direct consequence of chronic hyperparathyroidism. Choice C is incorrect as edema and dry skin are not typical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism. Choice D is incorrect because tetany is more commonly associated with hypocalcemia, which is not a typical finding in hyperparathyroidism.