A client with active tuberculosis asks why he must take four different medications. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When treating tuberculosis, using a combination of multiple medications is crucial to reduce the risk of bacterial resistance. The use of four medications helps to target the bacteria from different angles, making it harder for them to develop resistance to the treatment. This approach is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment regimen and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. NRTI antiretroviral medications inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is essential for HIV replication. By blocking this enzyme, the medications prevent the virus from replicating and spreading. This mechanism of action helps to control the progression of HIV infection in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology education, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential adverse effects of medications to ensure safe administration and patient education. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Eye damage. Hydroxychloroquine is known to potentially cause retinopathy, a serious eye condition that can lead to vision changes or even permanent vision loss. It is essential for nurses to educate patients about the importance of regular eye exams while taking this medication to monitor for any signs of eye damage. Regarding the incorrect options: A) Nausea is a common side effect of Hydroxychloroquine, but it is not as severe or significant as the potential eye damage associated with this medication. B) Hair loss is not a documented adverse effect of Hydroxychloroquine. D) Drowsiness is not a common side effect of Hydroxychloroquine and is not a major concern compared to the risk of eye damage. By understanding the specific adverse effects of Hydroxychloroquine, nurses can provide comprehensive patient education, monitor for potential complications, and collaborate effectively with healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes in the treatment of Lupus Erythematosus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bradycardia is a common adverse effect of Beta Blockers due to their mechanism of action in slowing down the heart rate. Clients taking Beta Blockers should be monitored for signs of bradycardia, such as a slow heart rate, dizziness, or fainting. Monitoring for this adverse effect is crucial to prevent potential complications and ensure client safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Take this medication in the morning to reduce insomnia. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can cause insomnia due to its stimulating effects. Instructing the client to take the medication in the morning helps minimize this side effect by aligning with the body's natural cortisol production cycle, which is highest in the morning and decreases throughout the day. Option A) Take this medication with food to prevent nausea is incorrect because Prednisone does not necessarily need to be taken with food to prevent nausea. Option B) Take this medication at bedtime to reduce drowsiness is incorrect because Prednisone is more likely to cause insomnia rather than drowsiness, so taking it at bedtime could exacerbate this side effect. Option D) Avoid sudden changes in position is incorrect because this instruction is more relevant for medications that can cause orthostatic hypotension, not specifically for Prednisone. In an educational context, understanding the timing of medication administration and its relationship to side effects is crucial for nurses to provide effective patient care. By explaining the rationale behind the timing of Prednisone administration, nurses can ensure optimal outcomes for their patients with asthma.