A client with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation has just been placed on warfarin therapy. The registered nurse (RN) overhears a student nurse teaching the client about potential food-drug interactions. Which statement made by the student nurse requires an intervention by the RN?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Warfarin blocks vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Saying clients can’t eat green, leafy vegetables (C) is incorrect; they should maintain consistent vitamin K intake, not avoid it. Asking about supplements (A), monitoring vitamin K (B), and regular blood tests (D) are accurate. (Source: Document, p. 13-14)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow from leaky (incompetent) or stenotic valves (A). Cardiac arrest (B) stops the heart, normal valve action (C) doesn’t cause murmurs, and extra beats (D) are arrhythmias, not murmurs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During atrial systole, atria contract, ventricles relax, AV valves are open (filling ventricles), and semilunar (SL) valves are closed (B). A is ventricular systole, C/D mismatch phases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The tunica media (B) is the muscular layer, containing smooth muscle for vasoconstriction/dilation. Tunica externa/adventitia (A, C) is connective tissue, tunica interna (D) is endothelium.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mean arterial pressure (MAP, A) averages arterial BP over time (MAP = diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure). Stroke volume (B) is volume, resistance (C) is a factor, and pulse pressure (D) is systolic-diastolic.