A client who is unconscious needs frequent mouth care. When performing mouth care, what is the best position for the client?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When providing mouth care to an unconscious client, the side-lying position is the best choice. This position helps prevent aspiration by allowing any fluids to drain out of the mouth easily, reducing the risk of choking or aspiration pneumonia. Placing the client in a side-lying position also promotes comfort and safety during the procedure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse is performing the assessment phase of the nursing process. Assessment involves collecting data, which includes obtaining vital signs, to identify the client's health status and needs. This step is crucial for the nurse to gather information that will guide further decision-making in the nursing process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, rational method that guides nurses in planning and delivering patient care. It involves a series of steps including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. By utilizing the nursing process, nurses can provide individualized care tailored to the specific needs of patients, families, groups, and communities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, occurs in the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen from the air we breathe enters the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. This process is essential for respiration and supplying the body with oxygen for energy production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The left atrium is the correct answer because it is the chamber of the heart specifically designed to receive oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. After blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it travels through the pulmonary veins (the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich blood) and empties directly into the left atrium. From here, the blood passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle, which then pumps it out to the rest of the body through the aorta. The left atrium’s role in the circulatory system is crucial as it acts as the receiving chamber for oxygenated blood before it is distributed systemically. The right atrium is incorrect because it receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava, not oxygenated blood from the lungs. The right atrium’s primary function is to collect blood returning from systemic circulation and pass it to the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. This makes the right atrium part of the pulmonary circuit, not the systemic circuit where oxygenated blood is handled. The left ventricle is incorrect because while it does handle oxygenated blood, it does not receive it directly from the lungs. Instead, the left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and is responsible for pumping it into the aorta to supply the entire body. Its role is one of propulsion, not reception, making it the wrong answer for the question of which chamber first receives oxygenated blood. The right ventricle is incorrect because it deals exclusively with deoxygenated blood, pumping it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Like the right atrium, it is part of the pulmonary circuit, and its function is to send blood to the lungs for gas exchange, not to receive oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood, further highlighting that the right ventricle is not involved in handling oxygen-rich blood at any point. Understanding the distinct roles of each heart chamber is essential for grasping the circulatory system’s structure and function. The left atrium’s unique position as the entry point for oxygenated blood from the lungs underscores its importance in ensuring that oxygen-rich blood is efficiently passed to the left ventricle for systemic distribution. The incorrect choices represent chambers involved in either collecting or pumping deoxygenated blood, emphasizing the separation between pulmonary and systemic circulation in the heart’s anatomy.