A client who is scheduled for a barium swallow asks the nurse why a laxative is necessary following the procedure. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The laxative helps eliminate the barium. After a barium swallow, the client needs to expel the barium from their system to prevent barium toxicity. The laxative helps to move the barium through the digestive system and facilitate its elimination. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because preventing magnesium absorption, facility protocol, and changing the color of barium are not reasons for the necessity of a laxative after a barium swallow.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori is a common bacterium known to cause peptic ulcer disease by damaging the protective lining of the stomach and small intestine. This bacterium is a major risk factor for developing peptic ulcers. Clostridium difficile (B) is associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, not peptic ulcers. Candida albicans (C) is a fungal infection that can cause oral thrush or vaginal yeast infections, not peptic ulcers. Staphylococcus aureus (D) can cause skin infections, food poisoning, or pneumonia, but it is not a common cause of peptic ulcers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: adventitia. The esophagus lacks a serosa layer, so its outermost layer is called adventitia, which blends with surrounding connective tissue. The mucosa (A) is the innermost layer, submucosa (B) is between mucosa and muscular layers, and serosa (C) is a serous membrane covering organs in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, in the esophagus, the outer tunic is termed adventitia due to its connection with the surrounding tissues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 12. Molars are the broad, flat teeth at the back of the mouth used for grinding food. In an adult, there are 12 molars - 3 on each side of the upper and lower jaws. This totals to 12 out of 32 teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A: 2 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult. B: 4 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult. C: 8 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: cardiac region. The region of the stomach around the opening from the esophagus is called the cardiac region because it is closest to the heart. The cardiac region is located near the top of the stomach, where the esophagus connects. This area contains the cardiac sphincter, which helps prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. The other choices are incorrect because: - A: pyloric region is located at the bottom of the stomach and connects to the small intestine. - B: body refers to the main central part of the stomach. - D: fundus is the upper portion of the stomach, above the cardiac region.