A client went to the emergency department with a possible brain damage as evidenced by loss of coordination of motor movement, and staggering, wide-based walking. The client is most likely having damage in the:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates balance and fine motor movement; damage leads to ataxia (staggering gait). The medulla oblongata controls reflexes, the cerebrum handles cognition, and the pons relays signals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sympathetic activation dilates pupils (via radial muscle) and inhibits intestinal motility (fight-or-flight). Parasympathetic constricts pupils and stimulates digestion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: α₂ autoreceptors on presynaptic terminals inhibit norepinephrine release (negative feedback). Other receptors (α₁, β₁, β₂) mediate effector responses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The ANS regulates involuntary visceral functions, not conscious motor control (somatic nervous system). Other options are ANS roles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The knee jerk is a monosynaptic spinal reflex with its center in the spinal cord (L2-L4), not conditioned or polysynaptic.