ATI RN
Free Pediatric CCRN Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client was brought to the school clinic wuth severe, constant, localized abdominal pain. Abdominal muscles are rigid, and rebound tenderness is present. Peritonitis is suspected. The client is hypotensive and tachycardic. The nursing diagnosis most appropriate to the client's signs/symptoms is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's signs and symptoms point towards a diagnosis of peritonitis, which is an inflammation of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity. The presence of severe, constant abdominal pain, rigid abdominal muscles, rebound tenderness, hypotension, and tachycardia are all indicative of peritonitis. These symptoms are typically seen when there is an infection or inflammation in the abdominal cavity, leading to fluid shifting from the intravascular space to the peritoneal cavity. This shifting of fluid results in hypovolemia, causing hypotension and tachycardia.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse expects to note an elevated serum glucose level in a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome (HHNS). Which other laboratory finding should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome (HHNS) is characterized by extremely elevated blood glucose levels without significant ketosis. Unlike diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), patients with HHNS usually do not have high levels of ketone bodies in their blood or urine. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate below-normal serum potassium levels in a client with HHNS, as hyperglycemia can lead to profound potassium losses through osmotic diuresis. Monitoring and treating electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia, are crucial in managing HHNS. It is important to correct these imbalances promptly to prevent further complications.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome. In a client with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect to find:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body. One of the classic physical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome is the accumulation of adipose (fat) tissue in specific areas, such as the trunk (central obesity) and dorsocervical area (referred to as a "buffalo hump"). This redistribution of body fat is a key feature in Cushing's syndrome. The thick, coarse skin is commonly seen in conditions like acromegaly, not in Cushing's syndrome. Weight gain in the arms and legs is not a typical finding in Cushing's syndrome. Additionally, hypertension, rather than hypotension, is more commonly associated with excess cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome.
Question 4 of 5
When caring for a client, whose being treated for hyperthyroidism, it's important to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When caring for a client with hyperthyroidism, it is important to monitor the client for signs of restlessness, sweating, and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy. Treatment for hyperthyroidism often involves thyroid replacement therapy to restore the balance of thyroid hormones in the body. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of overmedication or undermedication is crucial to ensure the client's health and well-being. Restlessness, sweating, and weight loss can be indicators of an imbalance in thyroid hormone levels and may require adjustments in medication dosage. Regular monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are essential in managing the client's condition effectively.
Question 5 of 5
The majority of lumbar disc herniations occur at the level of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The majority of lumbar disc herniations occur at the level of L4-L5. This is because the L4-L5 disc segment bears the highest amount of stress and load in the lumbar spine due to its location and mechanics. The intervertebral disc between the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbar vertebrae is subject to repetitive movements and mechanical stress, making it more susceptible to herniation compared to other levels in the lumbar spine. Additionally, the anatomy of the L4-L5 disc makes it more prone to degeneration and herniation, leading to a higher prevalence of herniated discs at this level.