A client undergoes a laryngectomy to treat laryngeal cancer. When teaching the client how to care for the neck stoma, the nurse should include which instruction?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is important to keep the stoma dry to prevent infection and skin irritation. Excess moisture can lead to skin breakdown around the stoma site, increasing the risk of infection. It is recommended to keep the stoma clean and dry to promote healing and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When administering an intramuscular (I.M.) injection to an infant, the nurse should use the vastus lateralis muscle. This is the preferred site for infants as it provides a large muscle mass and is less likely to damage nerves and blood vessels compared to other sites. The vastus lateralis is located on the thigh and is easily accessible for injections in infants. It is important to select the appropriate site for I.M. injections in infants to ensure proper medication absorption and minimize the risk of complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) due to the microcytic red blood cells that result from inadequate iron availability for hemoglobin synthesis. This leads to smaller red blood cells, which are reflected in a decreased MCV. Iron deficiency anemia would not typically result in an increased hemoglobin or normal hematocrit since the lack of iron impairs the production of red blood cells. Additionally, the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) would usually be increased in iron deficiency anemia as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased iron levels by increasing its ability to bind and transport iron. Therefore, the nurse would expect a decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in a child with iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The principle of fluid balance in the body dictates that fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output, under normal circumstances. This balance ensures that the body maintains proper hydration levels and that the kidneys are functioning effectively in filtering and excreting waste products. Significant deviations between fluid intake and urine output can indicate potential issues with hydration status or kidney function, making it essential for healthcare professionals like Nurse Jeremy to closely monitor and evaluate these values.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Kasai procedure is a palliative surgery for biliary atresia that helps restore bile flow and delays the need for liver transplantation.