ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client tells a nurse, "I don't get the same relief as I used to with this pain medication." The nurse should recognize that the client is experiencing which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drug tolerance occurs when a person needs more of a drug to achieve the same effect they initially experienced with a lower dose. In this scenario, the client mentioning that they do not get the same relief with the pain medication suggests that their body has built up a tolerance to the medication. This is different from drug addiction, which involves a psychological and physical reliance on a drug, and physical dependence, which is the body's adaptation to a drug leading to withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped. Psychological dependence involves a perceived need for a drug due to psychological reasons rather than physical necessity. In this case, the client's statement points to drug tolerance as the likely reason for experiencing decreased effectiveness of the pain medication.
Question 2 of 5
A severely immunocompromised female patient requires a blood transfusion. To prevent GVHD, the physician will order:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Irradiation of donor blood is a standard practice to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in immunocompromised patients. Irradiation inactivates the donor's lymphocytes, preventing them from attacking the recipient's tissues. Diphenhydramine and acetaminophen are used to manage allergic reactions or fever but do not prevent GVHD. Administering the transfusion slowly does not address the risk of GVHD. Therefore, irradiation is the correct preventive measure.
Question 3 of 5
A client has been prescribed testosterone. Which medication education should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testosterone patches require placement on hair-free skin to ensure proper adhesion and absorption, as hair can block drug delivery, reducing efficacy. Active areas like the thigh or arm are suitable if hairless and dry, contrary to avoidance claims-rotation across such sites is standard. Patches are changed daily, not weekly, for consistent hormone levels. Rash observation is key due to potential skin irritation, a common side effect. Hair-free placement is critical education, directly impacting bioavailability, unlike timing or site activity, which follow secondary guidelines, ensuring effective therapy for hypogonadism or related conditions.
Question 4 of 5
While preparing an infusion of mannitol (Osmitrol), the nurse notices small crystals in the IV tubing. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of small crystals in the IV tubing indicates that the mannitol solution is not suitable for administration due to the risk of causing adverse effects to the patient. Discarding the solution and obtaining a new bag of medication is the most appropriate action to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the infusion. Infusing a solution with crystals can lead to complications such as embolism or tissue damage. It is important to always verify the integrity and clarity of IV solutions before administration to prevent potential harm to the patient.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing factors that influence pharmacokinetics in the neonatal patient. Which factor puts the neonatal patient at risk with regard to drug therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonates have an immature renal system, which affects the excretion of drugs and their metabolites. This immaturity can lead to prolonged drug half-lives and an increased risk of toxicity. While hyperperistalsis, irregular temperature regulation, and smaller circulatory capacity can influence drug therapy, the immature renal system is the most significant factor. Nurses must consider this when administering medications to neonates and adjust dosages accordingly to ensure safety and efficacy.