A client suspected of having colorectal cancer will require which diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic study that allows direct visualization of the lower part of the colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera at its end, called a sigmoidoscope. This procedure enables the healthcare provider to visually inspect the lining of the colon and rectum, identify any abnormal growths, such as tumors or polyps, and obtain tissue samples for biopsy if necessary. In the case of suspected colorectal cancer, sigmoidoscopy is crucial for confirming the diagnosis by directly visualizing any cancerous lesions or abnormal tissue changes in the colon and rectum. Other diagnostic tests, such as stool hematest, abdominal CT, and CEA scan, may aid in the evaluation and staging of colorectal cancer but are not as effective in confirming the diagnosis as sigmoidoscopy. Thus, sigmoidoscopy is the preferred diagnostic study for definitively diagnosing colorectal cancer in a client suspected of having the disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in immune function, wound healing, and overall growth and development. Good dietary sources of zinc include whole grains and meats. Whole grains such as wheat and rice contain moderate amounts of zinc, while meats such as beef, pork, and chicken are rich sources of this mineral. Including these foods in the diet can help ensure an adequate intake of zinc, especially for individuals who have increased nutritional needs like cancer patients receiving TPN.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric emergency nursing, understanding the major treatment modalities for breast cancer is crucial for providing comprehensive care to pediatric patients and their families. The correct answer, option D (All of these), encompasses the multidisciplinary approach often used in treating breast cancer. Surgery (option A) plays a significant role in the treatment of breast cancer by removing the primary tumor. It helps in reducing the tumor burden and can be curative, especially in early-stage disease. Radiotherapy (option B) is essential in destroying microscopic disease that may remain in the breast or nearby tissues after surgery. It helps in reducing the risk of local recurrence. Chemotherapy (option C) is a systemic treatment that targets cancer cells throughout the body. It is used to destroy cancer cells that may have spread beyond the breast and lymph nodes. The other options (A, B, and C) are not comprehensive on their own and do not cover all aspects of breast cancer treatment. Understanding the combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy as the main treatment modalities provides a more holistic and effective approach to managing breast cancer in pediatric patients. Educationally, it is essential to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treating breast cancer to ensure the best outcomes for patients. By understanding the rationale behind each treatment modality and how they work together, pediatric emergency nurses can better support patients and families facing a breast cancer diagnosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Understanding discharge instructions is one of the key criteria for discharging patients following surgery in an ambulatory setting. It ensures that the patient comprehends how to care for themselves post-surgery and reduces the risk of complications or the need for readmission. While the other options may also be important factors, having a clear understanding of discharge instructions is crucial for the patient's recovery and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morphine is given in acute pulmonary edema to decrease pulmonary capillary pressure. By reducing pulmonary capillary pressure, morphine helps to redistribute the pulmonary circulation to the periphery, leading to improved oxygenation and decreased symptoms of pulmonary edema. Morphine works to vasodilate the blood vessels, which ultimately helps decrease the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, allowing for improved blood flow to the periphery of the lungs. This redistribution of pulmonary circulation helps to alleviate the congestion and fluid buildup in the lungs that occurs in acute pulmonary edema.