A client starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection is being educated by a nurse on preventing medication resistance. What information should the nurse provide the client about resistance?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In educating a client starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection about preventing medication resistance, the nurse should emphasize the importance of taking medication at the same time daily without missing doses. This is because maintaining consistent therapeutic drug levels in the body is crucial to prevent the development of resistance in HIV treatment. By adhering to a strict dosing schedule, the client can effectively suppress viral replication and reduce the likelihood of resistance mutations emerging. Option A is incorrect because taking low dosages of antiretroviral medication can lead to subtherapeutic drug levels, which may promote the development of resistance. Option B is also incorrect as using only one antiretroviral medication can increase the risk of resistance due to inadequate viral suppression. Option D is incorrect because changing the medication regimen based solely on adverse effects without consulting a healthcare provider can compromise treatment efficacy and potentially lead to resistance. Educationally, understanding the principles of adherence and the significance of maintaining consistent drug levels in the body is essential for clients undergoing HAART. Emphasizing the importance of strict adherence to the prescribed regimen can help optimize treatment outcomes and reduce the development of medication resistance in HIV therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D: Hyperlipidemia. Protease inhibitors like Ritonavir are known to cause metabolic side effects, such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Hyperlipidemia is a common adverse effect of protease inhibitors and can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV infection. Option A, increased TSH level, is incorrect because protease inhibitors do not typically affect thyroid function. Option B, decreased ALT level, is also incorrect as protease inhibitors can actually lead to elevated liver enzyme levels, including ALT. Option C, hypoglycemia, is not a typical adverse effect of protease inhibitors. In fact, these drugs are more commonly associated with hyperglycemia or insulin resistance. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the potential side effects of antiretroviral medications like protease inhibitors to effectively monitor and manage patients with HIV infection. By recognizing the common adverse effects, nurses can provide better quality care and improve patient outcomes. Regular monitoring of lipid levels is crucial for patients on protease inhibitors to mitigate the risks associated with hyperlipidemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, it is crucial for the nurse to educate the client about the potential interactions between medications and substances like alcohol. The correct answer, option C) "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication (Methotrexate)," is essential to ensure the client's safety and treatment efficacy. Methotrexate is a medication known to have hepatotoxic effects, and alcohol consumption can exacerbate this risk, leading to liver damage or failure. By instructing the client to avoid alcohol, the nurse is promoting the client's well-being and preventing adverse drug reactions. Options A, B, and D are incorrect in this scenario. Taking Methotrexate with food (option A) is not necessary for nausea prevention with this medication. Drinking plenty of fluids (option B) is generally a good practice but is not specifically linked to Methotrexate use. While wearing sunscreen (option D) is important for some medications that increase sun sensitivity, it is not a priority with Methotrexate use for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind medication instructions enhances the nurse's ability to provide safe and effective care. By comprehending the pharmacological principles underlying medication administration, nurses can better advocate for their clients' health and well-being. It also emphasizes the importance of individualized patient education to ensure optimal treatment outcomes and prevent potential drug-related complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct action for the healthcare professional is to monitor the client for Red Man Syndrome. Red Man Syndrome is a common adverse reaction to Vancomycin characterized by flushing, rash, and hypotension. It is important to monitor the client for these symptoms to intervene promptly if they occur.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Furosemide, when administered intravenously, should be given slowly over 2 minutes to reduce the risk of ototoxicity, a known adverse effect of rapid infusion. This method allows for better monitoring of the client's response and decreases the likelihood of adverse reactions associated with a faster administration rate.