ATI RN
Current Issues in Maternal Newborn Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client's oncologist has just finished explaining the diagnostic workup results to her, and she still has questions. The woman states, 'The physician says I have a slow-growing cancer. Very few cells are dividing. How does she know this?' What is the name of the test that gave the health care provider this information?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) S-phase index. The S-phase index is a measure of the percentage of cells actively synthesizing DNA at a given time. In the context of cancer, a low S-phase index indicates that fewer cells are actively dividing, suggesting a slower-growing cancer. Option A) Tumor ploidy refers to the DNA content in tumor cells and does not specifically provide information about the rate of cell division. Option C) Nuclear grade is a measure of the appearance of the cell nucleus and is used to assess the aggressiveness of cancer cells, but it does not directly indicate the rate of cell division. Option D) Estrogen-receptor assay is a test used to determine if a cancer is sensitive to hormonal therapies and does not provide information about the rate of cell division. Understanding the S-phase index is crucial in oncology as it helps healthcare providers determine the growth rate of the cancer cells, which influences treatment decisions. Educating nurses on these concepts enables them to better support patients by explaining complex medical information and assisting in shared decision-making processes regarding treatment options.
Question 2 of 5
Fibrocystic changes in the breast most often appear in women in their 20s and 30s. Although the cause is unknown, an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone may be the cause. The nurse who cares for this client should be aware that treatment modalities are conservative. Which proven modality may offer relief for this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the management of fibrocystic changes in the breast, the correct answer is A) Diuretic administration. This treatment option is effective because it helps reduce breast swelling and discomfort associated with fibrocystic changes by eliminating excess fluid from the body. Diuretics work by increasing urine production, which can help alleviate symptoms such as breast tenderness and pain. Option B) Daily inclusion of caffeine in the diet is incorrect because caffeine intake is known to exacerbate symptoms of fibrocystic breast changes due to its stimulatory effects on the breast tissue, leading to increased discomfort. Option C) Increased vitamin C supplementation is also not the appropriate treatment modality for fibrocystic changes in the breast. While vitamin C is essential for overall health and immune function, there is no direct evidence to suggest that it provides relief for fibrocystic breast changes. Option D) Application of cold packs to the breast as necessary may offer temporary relief from symptoms like pain and swelling, but it does not address the underlying cause of fibrocystic changes in the breast or provide long-term relief compared to diuretic administration. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the treatment modalities for fibrocystic changes in the breast is crucial for nurses caring for women experiencing this condition. By knowing the appropriate interventions, nurses can provide effective symptom management and support to improve the quality of life for their patients. It is essential to base interventions on evidence-based practice to ensure optimal patient outcomes and well-being.
Question 3 of 5
The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of early breast cancer treatment, the most conservative approach involves a lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy. This combination aims to remove the cancerous tumor while preserving as much of the breast tissue as possible. Option A, radiation therapy, is the correct choice because it helps to target any remaining cancer cells in the breast area after the lumpectomy, reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. Options B, C, and D are incorrect in this scenario as they refer to adjuvant systemic therapy, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy, respectively. While these treatments may be used in breast cancer management, they are typically not the immediate follow-up to a lumpectomy in early-stage cases. Adjuvant systemic therapy, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy are usually reserved for more advanced stages of breast cancer or cases where the cancer has spread beyond the breast tissue. In an educational context, understanding the sequence of treatments in breast cancer management is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those specializing in maternal newborn nursing. This knowledge ensures appropriate care planning and support for patients undergoing breast cancer treatment, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of care.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse should be aware that a pessary is most effective in the treatment of which disorder?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In maternal newborn nursing, understanding the use of a pessary is crucial for managing certain disorders. The correct answer is B) Uterine prolapse. A pessary is a device inserted into the vagina to support pelvic organs such as the uterus in cases of prolapse. This mechanical support helps alleviate symptoms and can prevent further descent of the uterus. Option A) Cystocele involves the descent of the bladder into the vaginal wall, which may require a different type of intervention such as pelvic floor exercises or surgery, not typically managed with a pessary. Option C) Rectocele is the bulging of the rectum into the back wall of the vagina. Management usually involves lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor exercises, or surgery, but not typically a pessary. Option D) Stress urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine with physical activity. While a pessary may provide some support to the urethra, it is not the primary treatment for this condition. Behavioral therapies, pelvic floor exercises, or surgery are more commonly used for stress urinary incontinence. In the context of maternal newborn nursing, understanding the appropriate use of interventions like pessaries is essential for providing comprehensive care to women experiencing pelvic organ prolapse. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the indications, contraindications, and management strategies associated with different pelvic floor disorders to ensure optimal outcomes for their patients.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse provides education to a client about to undergo external radiation therapy. Which statement by the client reassures the nurse that the teaching has been effective?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To maintain good nutrition, the woman should eat high-protein meals or use protein supplements and should have a high daily fluid intake of 2 to 3 L. The woman is counseled about good skin care and taught to avoid soaps, ointments, cosmetics, and deodorants because these may contain metals that would alter the radiation dose she receives.