A client reports during a health history that a diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse has been made. The nurse knows that this valve prevents backflow of blood from the:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and ventricle and thus prevents ventricular backflow to the atrium. The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and ventricle. The pulmonic valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta. (Source: Document, Pretest Answer 4, p. 76)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen are plasma proteins synthesized by the liver. Platelets are cellular fragments, not proteins, involved in clotting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albumins (~60% of plasma proteins) are the most abundant, maintaining osmotic pressure. Globulins (~35%) and fibrinogen (~4%) are less plentiful. ‘Hemogen’ is not a recognized term.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Both pulmonary and systemic circulations handle the same cardiac output (volume per minute, ~5 L/min at rest), as blood flows continuously through both. Capacity, pulse pressure, and resistance differ due to distinct vessel properties and pressures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Valves ensure one-way flow at two key locations: atrioventricular (AV) valves (A) between atria and ventricles (tricuspid, mitral), and semilunar valves (B) between ventricles and arteries (pulmonary, aortic). No valves exist between vena cavae and atria (C), so D (A and B) is correct.