A client recently had a pacemaker implanted and the nurse assistant notifies the nurse that the client called out complaining of dizziness. Which of the following is the first step that the nurse should take?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse’s first step is to assess the client (D) by checking heart sounds and pulses, as dizziness may indicate pacemaker malfunction or hemodynamic instability. Assessment precedes diagnostic tests like EKG (B) or interrogation (A), and calling the provider (C) comes after initial data collection. (Source: Document, p. 4-5)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The pulmonary semilunar valve (B) prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole. The aortic valve (A) protects the left ventricle, tricuspid (C) the right atrium, and bicuspid (D) the left atrium.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Heart block (A) occurs when AV node failure prevents impulse transmission to ventricles (e.g., third-degree block). MI (B) is tissue death, arrhythmia (C) is irregular rhythm, and ectopic pacemaker (D) is an abnormal impulse source.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Baroreceptors detect low BP and signal the medulla to send sympathetic signals (D) to increase heart rate and vasoconstriction, restoring BP. Parasympathetic (A, B) slows HR, C opposes the response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Blood’s osmotic pressure (oncotic, ~25 mmHg) is greater than tissue fluid’s due to plasma proteins (A), drawing water back into capillaries at the venous end. B, C, D mismatch osmosis direction.