A client receiving chemotherapy with Methotrexate asks why Leucovorin is being given. Which of the following responses should the nurse use?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Leucovorin, a folic acid derivative and an antagonist to Methotrexate, is given within 12 hours of high doses of Methotrexate to protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate. It helps to reduce the bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal side effects caused by Methotrexate, supporting the client's overall well-being during chemotherapy treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All listed drugs are associated with QT prolongation and may increase the risk of Torsades de Pointes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Blocking receptor sites to lower blood pressure describes the drug's mechanism of action-how it works (e.g., beta-blockers on adrenergic receptors). Interactions detail combined effects. Adverse effects list risks. Indication states purpose (hypertension). Mechanism explains the receptor-blocking process, key to understanding the statement, aligning with pharmacology's focus on action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should check the client's vital signs first because nausea and weakness can be signs of digoxin toxicity. Vital signs can provide immediate information on the client's condition and help guide further interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Lidocaine is administered to prevent dysrhythmias by delaying conduction in the heart and reducing the automaticity of heart tissue. This action helps stabilize the heart's electrical activity and prevent life-threatening arrhythmias post-cardiac arrest.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nevirapine should be taken with food to improve gastrointestinal tolerance and prevent nausea. While absorption is not significantly affected by food, taking it with meals can help reduce adverse gastrointestinal effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Risperidone, a second-generation antipsychotic, blocks D2 and 5HT2 receptors, improving positive symptoms (hallucinations) and, to some extent, negative symptoms like apathy and blunted affect, common in schizophrenia's prodrome. First-generation agents—chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol—target D2 receptors, effectively reducing positive symptoms but often worsening negative symptoms via dopamine blockade in the prefrontal cortex. Thioridazine, also first-generation, has similar limitations. Risperidone's serotonin antagonism may enhance prefrontal dopamine release, offering a modest edge in addressing negative symptoms, supported by studies, making it preferable for this adolescent's presentation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Leucovorin, a folic acid derivative and an antagonist to Methotrexate, is given within 12 hours of high doses of Methotrexate to protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate. It helps to reduce the bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal side effects caused by Methotrexate, supporting the client's overall well-being during chemotherapy treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent potential adverse effects such as cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness.