A client receives a local anesthetic of Lidocaine during the repair of a skin laceration. For which of the following adverse reactions should the nurse monitor the client?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Seizures are a potential adverse reaction to local anesthetics like Lidocaine. Lidocaine can affect the central nervous system and, in some cases, lead to seizure activity. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to monitor the client for any signs of seizures during and after the administration of Lidocaine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Headache. Desmopressin is a synthetic form of the hormone vasopressin, used to treat Diabetes Insipidus by reducing excessive urination and thirst. Headache is an adverse effect to monitor for due to the potential of fluid retention caused by Desmopressin, leading to increased intracranial pressure and subsequent headaches. A) Hypovolemia is incorrect because Desmopressin actually works to retain water, reducing urine output and preventing dehydration. B) Hypercalcemia is not a common adverse effect of Desmopressin and is not directly related to its mechanism of action in treating Diabetes Insipidus. C) Agitation is also not a typical adverse effect of Desmopressin. It is more commonly associated with central nervous system stimulants or certain psychiatric medications. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the pharmacological actions and potential adverse effects of medications like Desmopressin to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Monitoring for common side effects helps in early detection and management, enhancing patient safety and treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Fatigue. Zidovudine is an antiretroviral medication commonly used in the treatment of HIV. Fatigue is a well-known side effect of zidovudine therapy. As an educator, it is crucial to understand the rationale behind monitoring for adverse effects. Fatigue is a common adverse effect of zidovudine due to its impact on bone marrow, leading to anemia. Anemia can manifest as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath in clients. Monitoring for fatigue is essential to detect and manage anemia promptly, preventing complications and improving the client's quality of life. Regarding the other options: - Blurred vision and ringing in the ears are not commonly associated with zidovudine therapy. These side effects are more likely related to other medications or conditions. - Constipation is also not a typical adverse effect of zidovudine. Constipation is more commonly associated with other medications like opioids or anticholinergics. Educationally, understanding the specific adverse effects of medications is vital for nursing practice. It enables nurses to provide safe and effective care by monitoring clients for anticipated side effects, intervening appropriately, and educating clients on what to expect during treatment. This knowledge enhances patient outcomes and promotes medication adherence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Tinnitus. When a client is starting therapy with cisplatin, it is crucial to monitor for tinnitus as it is an early sign of ototoxicity associated with this medication. Cisplatin is known to cause damage to the inner ear structures, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus. Option B) Nausea is a common side effect of cisplatin, but it is not specific to ototoxicity. Nausea is typically managed with antiemetic medications. Option C) Constipation is not directly related to cisplatin therapy. Constipation is more often associated with opioid use or certain dietary factors. Option D) Weight gain is also not a common adverse effect of cisplatin. Clients may experience weight loss due to nausea and appetite changes associated with the medication. Educationally, understanding the specific adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Teaching clients about potential side effects empowers them to recognize and report symptoms promptly, leading to timely intervention and improved outcomes. Healthcare providers should emphasize the importance of reporting any new or worsening symptoms while taking cisplatin to prevent irreversible complications such as hearing loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client is starting therapy with filgrastim, monitoring for bone pain is essential. Filgrastim can lead to increased bone marrow activity, resulting in bone pain as a common adverse effect. Instructing the client to monitor and report any bone pain promptly can help in managing this side effect effectively.