A client metastatic ovarian cancer is prescribed cisplatin (Platinol). Before administering the first dose, the nurse reviews the client's medication history for drugs that may interact with cisplatin. Which drug may cause significant interactions when given concomitantly with cisplatin?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Amino glycosides, such as gentamicin or amikacin, can interact significantly with cisplatin, leading to increased risk of kidney damage or hearing loss. Both amino glycosides and cisplatin are known to have nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects independently. When combined, the risk of these side effects is potentiated, making it important to monitor renal function and hearing closely when these drugs are co-administered. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid the concomitant use of amino glycosides with cisplatin in order to prevent harmful drug interactions and reduce the risk of adverse effects in the client with metastatic ovarian cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Obesity is a known risk factor for colon cancer. Studies have shown that individuals who are obese have an increased risk of developing colon cancer compared to those who are of normal weight. The excess fat tissue, particularly around the abdomen, can lead to chronic inflammation and hormonal changes in the body, which can contribute to the development of cancer cells. It is essential for individuals with a family history of colon cancer to be mindful of maintaining a healthy weight as part of their overall cancer prevention strategies. Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and saccharin consumption are not identified as primary risk factors for colon cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most common adverse effects of chemotherapy include nausea and vomiting, which can significantly impact the patient's quality of life. An antiemetic is a medication specifically designed to prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting. By administering an antiemetic, the nurse can help manage these distressing side effects and improve the patient's overall comfort during chemotherapy treatments. Antibiotics are not typically used to combat the side effects of chemotherapy, and antimetabolites and anticoagulants do not address nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) "Because these drugs prevent cell division, they are more effective in divided doses." This response is accurate because antimetabolites are drugs that interfere with the process of cell division by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA or RNA. By administering these drugs in divided doses, a more continuous and sustained level of the drug is maintained in the body, which helps in preventing the rapid growth and division of cancer cells. Option A is incorrect because medical treatments are not typically prescribed arbitrarily; there is usually a specific rationale behind the dosing instructions. Option B is also incorrect as dividing doses may not necessarily reduce side effects but rather optimize the drug's efficacy. Option C is incorrect because while divided doses may enhance the drug's effect, it is primarily due to the continuous exposure to the drug rather than the direct cytotoxic effects on the cells. Educationally, understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chemotherapy drugs like antimetabolites is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric oncology patients. By comprehending how these drugs work and the rationale behind dosing regimens, nurses can provide safe and effective care, monitor for potential side effects, and educate patients and families on the importance of treatment adherence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Most clients are not hospitalized long after a mastectomy. This is a key reason for providing early discharge instructions and making arrangements for home care for clients undergoing mastectomy. Typically, clients undergoing mastectomy have shorter hospital stays, often as part of the trend toward faster postoperative recovery and reduced healthcare costs. By ensuring that clients have appropriate home care arrangements and understand postoperative instructions early on, healthcare providers can support a smooth transition from the hospital to the home environment, promoting optimal recovery and outcomes for the client.