A client just received a diagnosis of cancer. Which statement by the nurse demonstrates empathy?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A: "This must be hard news to hear. Tell me more about it." This response demonstrates empathy as it acknowledges the client's feelings and invites further sharing, showing understanding and validation of their emotions during a difficult time. Option B is incorrect because it focuses more on the nurse's beliefs rather than actively listening to and acknowledging the client's feelings. It may come across as dismissive of the client's emotional experience. Option C is inappropriate as it offers a false assurance without addressing the client's current emotional state or concerns. It lacks empathy and fails to engage meaningfully with the client's feelings. Option D, while it encourages the client to express their fears, lacks the initial acknowledgment of the emotional impact of the diagnosis on the client. It jumps straight to asking about fears without first validating the client's feelings. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to practice empathy in their communication with clients, especially when delivering sensitive or challenging news like a cancer diagnosis. Empathy helps build trust, rapport, and a therapeutic relationship, which are essential for providing holistic care and supporting clients through difficult times. Encouraging open communication and active listening can enhance the client's emotional well-being and overall healthcare experience.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate goal for an elderly client with a nursing diagnosis of risk for injury after hip surgery is option D) Client will remain free from falls throughout their hospital stay. Rationale: 1. Correct Answer: Option D is the most appropriate goal because preventing falls is crucial for an elderly client post-hip surgery. Falls can lead to serious complications such as fractures, delayed healing, and increased pain, which can further exacerbate the client's condition. 2. Incorrect Options: - Option A: Increasing mobility by discharge may not be realistic or safe for an elderly client immediately post-hip surgery as it can increase the risk of falls. - Option B: Demonstrating effective breathing patterns while ambulating is important, but it does not directly address the risk for injury post-hip surgery. - Option C: Increasing activity tolerance is important for rehabilitation, but the immediate focus should be on preventing falls to ensure the client's safety. Educational Context: Understanding the specific needs of elderly clients post-hip surgery is crucial for nursing practice. Emphasizing fall prevention as a priority goal aligns with best practices in geriatric care and patient safety. By setting realistic and targeted goals, healthcare providers can ensure optimal outcomes and promote the well-being of elderly clients during their recovery process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Put on non-sterile gloves. This is the nurse's first action because it is essential to ensure infection control measures are in place before any direct contact with the wound. By putting on non-sterile gloves, the nurse is preventing the introduction of pathogens into the wound and reducing the risk of cross-contamination. Option A) Label the specimen tube is incorrect because this step should come after the wound culture is obtained, not as the first action. Option C) Gently remove the soiled dressings is incorrect because it should not be the first action without ensuring proper infection control measures. Option D) Irrigate the wound is incorrect as irrigation should be performed after initial precautions are taken to prevent introducing contaminants. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of infection control and proper wound care procedures in nursing practice. Nurses must prioritize patient safety by following correct protocols when dealing with wounds to prevent complications and promote healing. Understanding the sequence of actions in wound care is crucial for providing effective care to patients with non-healing wounds.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of rheumatoid arthritis, a positive rheumatoid factor (RF) is typically seen in clients experiencing a flare-up of the disease. The presence of RF indicates the production of autoantibodies against the individual's own healthy tissues, which is a hallmark characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. This autoimmune response leads to inflammation, joint damage, and other symptoms associated with the condition. Option A, stating that the factor does not change, is incorrect because in active rheumatoid arthritis, there is often an increase in RF levels due to the heightened immune response. Option B, suggesting a decreased level of rheumatoid arthritis, is incorrect as RF levels are not expected to decrease during a flare-up. Option D, a negative rheumatoid factor, is also incorrect as a negative RF result is not typically associated with rheumatoid arthritis. From an educational standpoint, understanding the significance of rheumatoid factor in the diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for healthcare providers involved in the care of patients with this condition. Recognizing the relationship between RF levels and disease activity can help guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take when suspecting a 3-year-old has aspirated a small object and is coughing vigorously is option D: Encourage the child to continue coughing. This is the correct choice because during choking incidents, coughing is the body's natural way of trying to dislodge the obstructing object. Encouraging the child to cough can help expel the object without the need for intervention that could potentially worsen the situation. Option A, delivering upward abdominal thrusts with a fisted hand (Heimlich maneuver), is not recommended for children under 1 year of age and may not be effective or safe for a 3-year-old. Option B, performing a blind finger sweep of the child's mouth, is also not recommended as it can push the object further down the airway. Option C, completing five rapid back blows between the shoulder blades, is indicated for conscious choking victims who are unable to cough, but in this case, encouraging the child to cough is the initial appropriate action. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to have a good understanding of first aid interventions for choking in pediatric patients. Training in pediatric basic life support (BLS) equips nurses with the knowledge and skills to respond effectively in emergency situations involving airway obstruction. By knowing the appropriate actions to take based on the age and condition of the child, nurses can provide timely and lifesaving care.