Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism, or undescended testicle, is a known risk factor for testicular cancer as the undescended testicle is more prone to developing cancerous changes. This condition increases the risk of testicular cancer even if the testicle is surgically corrected later in life. Other choices like A (Testosterone therapy during childhood) and B (Sexually transmitted disease) are not linked to testicular cancer. Choice C (Early onset of puberty) is not a direct risk factor for testicular cancer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that acts on the heart. 2. It blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and contractility. 3. Decreased heart rate and contractility result in reduced cardiac output. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is C - It decreases cardiac output. Summary: A, B, and D are incorrect because propranolol does not increase heart rate, fluid volume, or cardiac contractility.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism, or undescended testicle, is a known risk factor for testicular cancer as the undescended testicle is more prone to developing cancerous changes. This condition increases the risk of testicular cancer even if the testicle is surgically corrected later in life. Other choices like A (Testosterone therapy during childhood) and B (Sexually transmitted disease) are not linked to testicular cancer. Choice C (Early onset of puberty) is not a direct risk factor for testicular cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: I.V. administration and urinary excretion. Lomustine is typically administered intravenously, allowing for rapid systemic distribution. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys, thus the urinary route. This choice is correct as lomustine's pharmacokinetics align with this pattern. A: Oral administration and urinary - While some drugs are administered orally, lomustine is not typically given orally due to poor bioavailability. C: I.V. administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect. D: Oral administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aphasia. Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate and understand speech. In this case, Mr. Dela Isla's difficulty in comprehending what the nurse was saying indicates a problem with language processing, which aligns with the symptoms of aphasia. Insomnia (A) is a sleep disorder, not related to language comprehension. Agnosia (B) is a perception disorder where someone cannot recognize objects or people, not related to language. Apraxia (C) is a motor disorder affecting the ability to perform purposeful movements, not related to language comprehension.