ATI RN
100 Questions and Answers About Infertility Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which of the following information should the nurse provide the client prior to the procedure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In preparing a client for a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), providing accurate information is crucial for their understanding and cooperation. Option C, "An antibiotic fluid will be instilled through a tube in your cervix," is the correct answer. This is essential information because during an HSG, a contrast dye, not an antibiotic fluid, is inserted through the cervix to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes on X-ray. This helps assess for any blockages or abnormalities that may be causing infertility. Option A is incorrect because an HSG is not performed through an incision next to the belly button; it is a minimally invasive radiologic procedure done through the cervix. Option B is incorrect as most individuals can resume normal activities after the procedure with no need for extended bed rest. Option D is also incorrect as the client is typically asked to hold still during the X-ray rather than move around to obtain clear images. Educationally, understanding the specifics of procedures like HSGs is vital for nurses to accurately inform and prepare clients. Providing correct information enhances patient trust, cooperation, and overall experience, leading to better outcomes and compliance with healthcare recommendations.
Question 2 of 5
Based on the karyotype shown below, which of the following conclusions can the nurse make about the female baby?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) She has trisomy 21. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, as depicted in the karyotype. This condition leads to distinct physical features and developmental delays. Option A) She has a genetically normal karyotype is incorrect because the karyotype clearly shows an extra chromosome 21, indicating an abnormality. Option C) She has fragile X syndrome is incorrect as fragile X syndrome is associated with a mutation in the FMR1 gene, not an extra chromosome 21. Option D) She has an autosomal monosomy is incorrect because monosomy refers to the presence of only one chromosome instead of the usual pair. From an educational perspective, understanding karyotypes is crucial in diagnosing genetic conditions. By analyzing chromosomal abnormalities like trisomy 21, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate care and support to individuals with genetic disorders. This knowledge is vital in the field of infertility as certain genetic conditions can impact fertility and reproductive outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A woman who has had multiple miscarriages is advised to go through genetic testing. The client asks the nurse the rationale for this recommendation. The nurse should base his or her response on which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) The majority of miscarriages are caused by genetic defects. Genetic testing is recommended for a woman who has had multiple miscarriages because chromosomal abnormalities in either partner can lead to recurrent pregnancy loss. By identifying any genetic defects, healthcare providers can offer targeted interventions or treatments to increase the chances of a successful pregnancy. Understanding the genetic factors at play can also help in family planning decisions and potentially prevent future miscarriages. Option A) The woman's pedigree may exhibit a mitochondrial inheritance pattern is incorrect because mitochondrial inheritance is rare and typically involves specific diseases, not necessarily related to miscarriages. Option C) A woman's chromosomal pattern determines her fertility is incorrect as chromosomal abnormalities may impact fertility but are not the sole cause of multiple miscarriages. Option D) There is a genetic marker that detects the presence of an incompetent cervix is incorrect because while an incompetent cervix can lead to pregnancy loss, genetic testing is not the method to detect this condition. In an educational context, understanding the role of genetic testing in cases of recurrent miscarriages is crucial for healthcare professionals working in reproductive health. By recognizing the significance of genetic factors in pregnancy outcomes, nurses and clinicians can provide comprehensive care and support to couples experiencing infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-month-old baby has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). The mother says, 'How could this happen? I had an amniocentesis during my pregnancy and everything was supposed to be normal!' What must the nurse understand about this situation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) The baby may have an uncommon genetic variant of the disease. This is because cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that can be caused by various mutations in the CFTR gene. While some genetic tests, including amniocentesis, can detect certain common mutations associated with CF, they may not identify all possible genetic variants that can lead to the disease. Therefore, it is possible for a baby to have an uncommon genetic variant of CF that was not detected during the mother's prenatal testing. Option A) Cystic fibrosis cannot be diagnosed by amniocentesis is incorrect because while amniocentesis may detect some common mutations associated with CF, it is not exhaustive and may miss uncommon genetic variants. Option C) It is possible that the laboratory technician made an error is incorrect as the issue lies more with the limitations of the genetic testing methods rather than a technician error. Option D) Instead of obtaining fetal cells the doctor probably harvested maternal cells is incorrect as amniocentesis is specifically designed to obtain fetal cells for genetic testing, and harvesting maternal cells would not provide accurate information about the baby's genetic status. Educationally, this question highlights the complexity of genetic testing for conditions like cystic fibrosis and emphasizes the importance of understanding the limitations of prenatal diagnostic tests in detecting all possible genetic variants that can lead to a disease. It underscores the need for comprehensive genetic counseling and testing to provide accurate information to parents about their baby's health.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is counseling a pregnant couple who are both carriers for phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive disease. Which of the following comments by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Congratulations. This response is appropriate because it recognizes and celebrates the couple's pregnancy, focusing on the positive aspect of the situation. It conveys empathy and support, acknowledging the joyous moment while also being sensitive to the couple's concerns about their genetic condition. Option A is incorrect because it does not provide any specific information or guidance to the couple. Option B is incorrect because it introduces unnecessary information about it being their first pregnancy, which is not relevant to the genetic condition being discussed. Option C is incorrect because it presents a definitive statement without considering the complexities of genetics and genetic counseling. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to deliver information sensitively and supportively, especially when discussing potentially challenging topics such as genetic conditions. Celebrating the positive aspects of a situation while providing accurate information and support can help build trust and rapport with patients. This approach fosters effective communication and promotes a positive patient experience during counseling sessions.