A client is taking Sucralfate PO for Peptic Ulcer Disease and has a new prescription for phenytoin to control seizures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct instruction that the nurse should provide is option C: Allow a 2-hour interval between taking sucralfate and phenytoin. This is because sucralfate can decrease the absorption of phenytoin due to its binding properties in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially leading to subtherapeutic levels of phenytoin and ineffective seizure control. By spacing out the administration of these medications by 2 hours, the interaction between sucralfate and phenytoin can be minimized, allowing for optimal absorption and effectiveness of both drugs. Option A (Take an antacid with sucralfate) is incorrect because combining sucralfate with an antacid can reduce its effectiveness by altering its pH-dependent mechanism of action. Option B (Take sucralfate with a glass of milk) is incorrect as milk may also interfere with the absorption of sucralfate. Option D (Chew the sucralfate thoroughly before swallowing) is incorrect because sucralfate should not be chewed but rather swallowed whole to ensure its proper functioning in coating the stomach lining. From an educational perspective, this question highlights the importance of understanding drug interactions and the significance of timing when administering medications that may interact with each other. Nurses must be knowledgeable about potential interactions to ensure the safety and efficacy of drug therapy for their patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hyponatremia is a critical adverse effect associated with hydrochlorothiazide use. This medication is a diuretic that can lead to excessive loss of sodium and water from the body, potentially causing low sodium levels and resulting in hyponatremia. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of hyponatremia, such as confusion, headache, weakness, and muscle cramps, is essential to prevent serious complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Erythromycin should be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water to increase absorption. Taking it with milk (choice A) or an antacid (choice D) can interfere with its absorption. Avoiding direct sunlight (choice B) is not directly related to the administration of erythromycin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) You should stop taking this medication if you develop a rash. This information is crucial because ceftriaxone is known to cause severe allergic reactions, including skin rashes, which can be a sign of a serious adverse event like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Discontinuing the medication and seeking medical attention promptly can prevent further complications and ensure the client's safety. Option A is incorrect because a cough is not a common side effect of ceftriaxone. Option C is also incorrect because ceftriaxone is primarily administered via intramuscular or intravenous routes, not orally. Option D is incorrect as well because while ceftriaxone can cause the urine to turn a reddish color, not yellow. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the potential side effects and adverse reactions of medications to educate clients effectively. Teaching clients to watch for specific signs and symptoms, like a rash in the case of ceftriaxone, empowers them to take an active role in their healthcare and seek timely medical intervention when necessary.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The client's symptoms of face spasms after receiving Prochlorperazine indicate acute dystonia, a known side effect. Diphenhydramine is commonly administered to manage extrapyramidal symptoms, such as muscle spasms, caused by medications like Prochlorperazine. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate a prescription for Diphenhydramine to alleviate the client's symptoms.