A client is taking Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor, to treat HIV infection. The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Hyperlipidemia. Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor used in treating HIV infection, is known to cause dyslipidemia, particularly elevations in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Protease inhibitors like Ritonavir can lead to metabolic side effects, including changes in lipid metabolism, which can increase the risk of hyperlipidemia. Option A) Increased TSH level is incorrect because Ritonavir is not known to directly impact thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Option B) Decreased ALT level is incorrect as protease inhibitors are more likely to cause elevated liver enzymes rather than decreased levels. Option C) Hypoglycemia is also an incorrect option as Ritonavir is not typically associated with lowering blood sugar levels. Educationally, understanding the side effect profile of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to clients. Monitoring for potential adverse effects, such as hyperlipidemia in this case, allows for early detection and intervention to prevent complications. Nurses must be well-versed in pharmacology to assess, educate, and advocate for their patients' well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Alcohol should be avoided while taking Metronidazole because it can lead to a disulfiram-like reaction, causing severe nausea and vomiting. It is important for the client to understand this to prevent adverse reactions and ensure the effectiveness of the medication in treating the infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Filgrastim is a medication used to stimulate the production of white blood cells, specifically neutrophils, to increase the white blood cell count. This increase in white blood cells helps reduce the risk of infections in clients with neutropenia, a condition characterized by low levels of neutrophils.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate medication instructions to ensure optimal patient outcomes. In the case of Alendronate, the correct instruction is to take the medication with a full glass of water after getting up in the morning. This is because Alendronate is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis, and it is best absorbed on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, at least 30 minutes before any food, drink, or other medications. Option B, to remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication, is incorrect as this is a general instruction for bisphosphonates to prevent esophageal irritation, not specific to Alendronate. Option C, to chew the tablet and mix it with applesauce if swallowing is difficult, is incorrect as Alendronate should be swallowed whole with water due to its potential to irritate the esophagus. Option D, to take the medication at bedtime to minimize the chance of esophageal irritation, is also incorrect as taking Alendronate at bedtime increases the risk of esophageal irritation due to lying down after ingestion. Educationally, understanding the specific administration instructions for medications is crucial for nurses to ensure safe and effective treatment for their patients. Teaching patients the correct way to take their medications can significantly impact therapeutic outcomes and reduce the risk of adverse effects. It is essential for nurses to be well-versed in pharmacology principles to provide accurate and evidence-based medication education to patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to monitor for adverse effects of Morphine IV is to check the client's respiratory rate every 15 minutes. Respiratory depression is a potentially life-threatening adverse effect of Morphine, and frequent monitoring of the respiratory rate allows for early detection and intervention if needed.