ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is taking metformin for type 2 diabetes. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A decrease in hemoglobin A1C is a more specific indicator of metformin's effectiveness in controlling blood glucose levels over a longer period compared to fasting blood glucose levels. Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, providing a more comprehensive view of glycemic control.
Question 2 of 5
A healthcare professional is educating a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following statements should the healthcare professional include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In educating a client newly prescribed with warfarin, the healthcare professional should prioritize emphasizing the importance of reporting any signs of bleeding to their healthcare provider, making option B the correct choice. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting blood clotting factors, hence increasing the risk of bleeding. Prompt reporting of any signs of bleeding such as unexplained bruising, blood in urine or stool, or bleeding gums is crucial to prevent serious complications. Option A, which suggests avoiding foods high in vitamin K, is incorrect in this context. While vitamin K can interfere with warfarin's anticoagulant effects, it is essential for the healthcare provider to adjust the warfarin dosage to maintain a balance rather than avoiding these foods completely. Option C advises using a soft toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding, and option D recommends using an electric razor to prevent cuts. While these suggestions promote good practices to reduce the risk of bleeding in general, they are not as critical or directly related to the potential side effects of warfarin as reporting signs of bleeding promptly. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the correct answer helps the client comprehend the importance of monitoring for potential side effects of warfarin and taking appropriate action. This knowledge empowers the client to actively participate in their care and promotes medication safety and adherence.
Question 3 of 5
When caring for a client with a wound infection, which action should the nurse perform first in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority action when caring for a client with a wound infection is to obtain a wound specimen for culture before initiating antibiotic therapy. This step is crucial to identify the specific microorganism causing the infection, allowing for targeted antibiotic treatment. Reviewing WBC laboratory findings and applying a wound dressing are important steps but come after obtaining a wound specimen for culture to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A client informs the nurse that she has difficulty swallowing tablets and struggles with liquid or chewable medications due to taste. What medication should the nurse request a prescription for when preparing to administer Penicillin V to treat the client's streptococcal infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse should request a prescription for Nafcillin when preparing to administer Penicillin V to the client with difficulty swallowing tablets. Nafcillin is an injectable form of penicillin that can be given intravenously or intramuscularly, making it suitable for patients who have trouble with oral medications. It is important to note that Nafcillin is not typically used to treat streptococcal infections, but in cases where Penicillin V is indicated and the patient cannot take oral medications, Nafcillin may be a viable alternative. Regarding the other options: - A) Fosfomycin is not a suitable alternative for Penicillin V in treating streptococcal infections. - B) Amoxicillin, while another penicillin antibiotic, is also an oral medication and would not be appropriate for a patient with difficulty swallowing tablets. - D) Cefaclor is a cephalosporin antibiotic, not a penicillin, and is not the best choice for treating a streptococcal infection when Penicillin V is indicated. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering patient preferences and needs when selecting medications. Nurses should be aware of alternative dosage forms and routes of administration to ensure effective treatment while accommodating individual patient challenges.
Question 5 of 5
A healthcare provider is planning to administer Ciprofloxacin IV to a client who has cystitis. Which of the following actions should the healthcare provider take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin should be infused over 60 minutes to minimize vein irritation and reduce the risk of adverse effects. Administering a concentrated solution can lead to vein irritation and potential complications. Infusing the solution through the primary IV fluid tubing can cause incompatibility issues. Choosing a small peripheral vein may not be suitable for administering Ciprofloxacin, which should be infused through a larger vein to prevent vein irritation and ensure a proper dilution of the medication.