A client is taking Desmopressin for Diabetes Insipidus. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Headache. Desmopressin is a synthetic form of the hormone vasopressin, used to treat Diabetes Insipidus by reducing excessive urination and thirst. Headache is an adverse effect to monitor for due to the potential of fluid retention caused by Desmopressin, leading to increased intracranial pressure and subsequent headaches. A) Hypovolemia is incorrect because Desmopressin actually works to retain water, reducing urine output and preventing dehydration. B) Hypercalcemia is not a common adverse effect of Desmopressin and is not directly related to its mechanism of action in treating Diabetes Insipidus. C) Agitation is also not a typical adverse effect of Desmopressin. It is more commonly associated with central nervous system stimulants or certain psychiatric medications. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the pharmacological actions and potential adverse effects of medications like Desmopressin to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Monitoring for common side effects helps in early detection and management, enhancing patient safety and treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Tinnitus. When a client is starting therapy with cisplatin, it is crucial to monitor for tinnitus as it is an early sign of ototoxicity associated with this medication. Cisplatin is known to cause damage to the inner ear structures, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus. Option B) Nausea is a common side effect of cisplatin, but it is not specific to ototoxicity. Nausea is typically managed with antiemetic medications. Option C) Constipation is not directly related to cisplatin therapy. Constipation is more often associated with opioid use or certain dietary factors. Option D) Weight gain is also not a common adverse effect of cisplatin. Clients may experience weight loss due to nausea and appetite changes associated with the medication. Educationally, understanding the specific adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Teaching clients about potential side effects empowers them to recognize and report symptoms promptly, leading to timely intervention and improved outcomes. Healthcare providers should emphasize the importance of reporting any new or worsening symptoms while taking cisplatin to prevent irreversible complications such as hearing loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client is starting therapy with filgrastim, monitoring for bone pain is essential. Filgrastim can lead to increased bone marrow activity, resulting in bone pain as a common adverse effect. Instructing the client to monitor and report any bone pain promptly can help in managing this side effect effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Neutropenia. When a client with chronic myeloid leukemia is receiving hydroxyurea, the nurse should monitor for neutropenia due to the drug's myelosuppressive effects. Hydroxyurea works by inhibiting DNA synthesis, which can lead to a decrease in neutrophil production and an increased risk of infection. Option A) Hyperkalemia is incorrect because hydroxyurea does not typically cause hyperkalemia. Option B) Hypertension is also incorrect as it is not a common side effect of hydroxyurea. Option D) Tinnitus is not associated with hydroxyurea use and is an unrelated finding. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial in providing safe and effective care to patients. By monitoring for potential adverse effects like neutropenia in this case, nurses can intervene early to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. It is essential to have a strong pharmacological knowledge base to make informed clinical decisions and provide quality care to patients receiving various medications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Neutropenia. Paclitaxel is a chemotherapy medication known to cause bone marrow suppression, specifically decreasing neutrophil counts. Neutropenia increases the client's risk of infections, making it a crucial adverse effect to monitor during therapy. Option A) Bradycardia is not typically associated with paclitaxel therapy. Diarrhea (Option B) and urinary retention (Option D) can occur as side effects of other medications, but they are not commonly linked to paclitaxel use. From an educational standpoint, understanding the adverse effects of specific medications is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Teaching clients about potential side effects empowers them to monitor their health and report any concerning symptoms promptly. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing chemotherapy-related adverse effects to optimize patient outcomes.