A client is starting therapy with docetaxel. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and specifically with docetaxel therapy, it is crucial for the nurse to instruct the client to report dyspnea. Docetaxel is a chemotherapy medication known to cause pulmonary toxicity, including interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Dyspnea can be an early sign of these serious respiratory adverse effects and prompt reporting can lead to timely intervention to prevent further complications. Regarding the other options: A) Flushing is not typically associated with docetaxel therapy, so it is not a priority finding to report. C) Hyperglycemia is a potential side effect of some medications but is not a common or significant adverse effect of docetaxel. D) Tinnitus is not a common side effect of docetaxel and is not a priority finding in this context. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding common side effects and potential adverse reactions of medications, as well as the significance of prioritizing specific findings that could indicate serious complications. Nurses need to be vigilant in educating clients about potential side effects and the importance of timely reporting to ensure safe and effective pharmacological therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the administration instructions for medications is crucial to ensure their efficacy and safety. In the case of Metformin, the correct instruction to take the medication with the first bite of food is essential. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication that helps manage blood sugar levels. Taking it with food helps reduce the gastrointestinal side effects commonly associated with Metformin, such as nausea and diarrhea. Option B, taking Metformin on an empty stomach, is incorrect because it can exacerbate the gastrointestinal side effects of the medication. Option C, taking Metformin before bedtime, is also incorrect as it may increase the risk of hypoglycemia during sleep. Option D, taking the medication every other day, is incorrect as Metformin is typically prescribed for daily use to maintain consistent blood sugar control. Educationally, this rationale highlights the importance of understanding medication administration instructions to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects. It emphasizes the need for nurses to provide clear and accurate instructions to clients starting new medications to promote medication adherence and patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that works by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client's platelet count to assess for potential bleeding complications. Changes in platelet count can indicate the effectiveness of Clopidogrel therapy and help prevent adverse effects related to clotting or bleeding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction is to apply the Nitroglycerin transdermal patch to a hairless area of skin. This is important for proper absorption of the medication. Additionally, rotating the patch to different sites each day helps prevent skin irritation and ensures optimal therapeutic effect. Applying the patch to the same site each day can lead to skin irritation or tolerance development. Removing the patch at night is not necessary as the patch is typically worn continuously to provide a consistent level of medication. Covering the patch with a heating pad is contraindicated as it can increase drug absorption, potentially leading to adverse effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a client prescribed Diltiazem, the nurse should monitor for bradycardia. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that works by slowing the heart rate and reducing blood pressure. Therefore, bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, can be an expected effect of this medication. Monitoring for bradycardia is important to ensure that the client is not experiencing a dangerously slow heart rate that could compromise perfusion. The other options can be ruled out based on the pharmacological actions of Diltiazem. Tachycardia (option A) is unlikely because Diltiazem works to slow the heart rate. Hypertension (option C) is also unlikely as Diltiazem is used to treat high blood pressure. Hyperkalemia (option D) is not a direct effect of Diltiazem, as it does not typically impact potassium levels in the body. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the expected outcomes and potential side effects of medications like Diltiazem, nurses can monitor for and address any complications that may arise, ensuring the best possible outcomes for their clients.