A client is scheduled for a pneumonectomy in the morning. The client has had a previous negative surgical experience, is talking rapidly, and has an increased pulse and respiratory rate. Nursing interventions for this client should include:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Providing an opportunity for an open discussion will help to clarify any misunderstandings about the surgery and gives the client a chance to verbalize any concerns about the surgery. Distractions will not alleviate the client's preoperative anxiety; it denies the anxiety the client is experiencing. Giving false assurance is not appropriate and it denies that anxiety is a normal response to the threat of surgery. Psychological responses are not directly related to the severity of the surgery; they are influenced by the client's experience.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Initial swelling can mask the true extent of spinal injuries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the tubing connections for leaks. 1. Slow, steady bubbling in the suction control chamber indicates an air leak in the system. 2. Checking the tubing connections for leaks is the appropriate action to identify and fix the issue. 3. This helps maintain the integrity of the closed chest drainage system and prevent complications. Other choices are incorrect: B: Checking the suction control outlet on the wall is not necessary as the issue is likely within the tubing system. C: Clamping the chest tube could lead to tension pneumothorax and is not recommended unless ordered by a physician. D: Continuing to monitor the client's respiratory status does not address the underlying problem of the air leak.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Large-sized letters help compensate for decreased visual acuity due to aging-related lens changes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An S3 heart sound indicates volume overload.