A client is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A serum potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L indicates hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can lead to potassium retention. The nurse should notify the provider and withhold the medication to prevent further elevation of potassium levels, which can result in serious cardiac complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a situation where Anginal pain persists after taking one sublingual tablet and waiting 5 minutes, it is crucial to call emergency services (911) immediately. This could indicate a myocardial infarction (heart attack) rather than a typical Anginal attack. The client can take a second sublingual tablet while waiting for emergency assistance. If the pain persists after taking the second tablet, a third tablet can be taken after an additional 5 minutes. Prompt action is essential in such situations to ensure appropriate and timely medical intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the client is experiencing severe hypotension due to Verapamil administration. The appropriate medication to counteract the vasodilation caused by Verapamil and reverse severe hypotension is Calcium gluconate, which should be administered slowly IV. Therefore, the correct choice is Calcium gluconate (Choice A).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Take colesevelam with food and at least one glass of water. Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant that can bind to other drugs in the digestive tract, potentially decreasing their absorption. Taking it with food and water helps prevent this interaction, ensuring optimal absorption of both medications. Option A is incorrect because taking digoxin with colesevelam may lead to reduced digoxin absorption due to the binding effects of colesevelam. Option B is unrelated to the interaction between digoxin and colesevelam. Option C is not relevant to the instructions for taking colesevelam. From an educational perspective, it is crucial for nurses to understand drug interactions and how certain medications should be taken to maximize their effectiveness. Teaching patients about the proper administration of medications helps prevent adverse effects and ensures treatment success. This question highlights the importance of considering drug-drug interactions when managing a patient's medication regimen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Omeprazole. Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor used for anticoagulation in conditions like atrial fibrillation. One common adverse effect of Dabigatran is gastrointestinal irritation, which can lead to gastritis or ulcers. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that helps reduce stomach acid production, thereby alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms associated with Dabigatran therapy. Option A) Vitamin K1 is used as an antidote for warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, and is not indicated for the adverse effects of Dabigatran. Option B) Protamine is used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin, not Dabigatran. Option D) Probenecid is a uricosuric agent used in gout to increase excretion of uric acid and is not relevant to the scenario. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding not only the primary pharmacological actions of medications but also their potential adverse effects and how to manage them effectively to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. It underscores the need for healthcare providers to have a comprehensive knowledge of pharmacology to make informed clinical decisions.