Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Leucovorin. Leucovorin is given during methotrexate therapy to protect normal cells by acting as a rescue agent that helps to reduce the toxic effects of methotrexate. It works by enhancing the efficacy of methotrexate in cancer cells while reducing its toxicity in normal cells. Probenecid (A) is not used to protect normal cells during methotrexate therapy. Cytarabine (B) and Thioguanine (C) are other chemotherapeutic agents and are not typically given to protect normal cells during methotrexate therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Performing a physical examination. This method allows the nurse to gather objective data directly from the patient's body, such as vital signs, appearance, and physical findings. It is essential for establishing a patient's baseline health status and identifying any abnormalities or changes. Reviewing literature (A) is important but not a method of data collection. Checking orders (B) is part of the assessment process but does not involve direct data collection. Ordering medications (D) is a clinical intervention and not a data collection method.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, a high protein, vitamin, and iron diet, as it directly addresses the nutritional deficiencies associated with anemia. Proteins aid in the production of red blood cells, while iron and vitamins are essential for hemoglobin synthesis. Medical therapy (A) typically involves medications or blood transfusions, not dietary changes. Fluid therapy (C) may be used for certain types of anemia, but it is not a primary intervention. Chemotherapy (D) is not indicated for the treatment of anemia, as it is used for cancer treatment. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate intervention for anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation. After implementing nursing interventions based on priority diagnoses, the nurse must evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions to determine if the desired outcomes have been achieved. Evaluation is crucial to assess the progress, make necessary modifications, and ensure the effectiveness of the care provided. Assessment (A) is already completed before interventions are carried out. Planning (B) involves developing a care plan based on assessment findings. Implementation (C) is the actual carrying out of the interventions. Therefore, the next step after implementing nursing interventions is to evaluate their effectiveness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Performing a physical examination. This method allows the nurse to directly gather data from the patient's body, such as vital signs, appearance, and overall health status. It provides essential information to establish a patient's database, including baseline values and potential health issues. Reviewing current literature (A) helps in decision-making but does not directly establish a patient's database. Checking orders for tests (B) and ordering medications (D) are part of the treatment process and do not focus on gathering initial patient data.