A client is prescribed Diltiazem. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that can cause bradycardia as an adverse effect due to its negative chronotropic properties, slowing down the heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of bradycardia by regularly assessing the heart rate to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly used to treat hypertension and angina. The correct answer is B) Edema. Nifedipine can cause peripheral edema due to its vasodilatory effects, leading to fluid accumulation in the extremities. This adverse effect is important to monitor as it can impact the client's comfort and compliance with the medication. A) Hypertension is incorrect because Nifedipine is actually used to treat hypertension by causing vasodilation and reducing blood pressure. C) Hyperglycemia is not a common adverse effect of Nifedipine. In fact, calcium channel blockers are typically considered safe for patients with diabetes. D) Bradycardia is unlikely with Nifedipine as it does not have a direct effect on heart rate. In fact, it may cause reflex tachycardia as a compensatory mechanism for the drop in blood pressure. Educationally, understanding the common adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe medication administration and patient monitoring. Nurses need to be familiar with potential side effects to provide comprehensive care, educate patients, and intervene promptly if adverse reactions occur.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe and effective patient care. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Peripheral edema. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly prescribed for hypertension and angina. One of its common side effects is peripheral edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in the extremities. Tachycardia (option A) is unlikely with amlodipine as it actually helps lower heart rate by dilating blood vessels, reducing the workload on the heart. Hyperglycemia (option C) is not a common adverse effect of amlodipine. Hypertension (option D) is the condition being treated by amlodipine, so it wouldn't be an adverse effect to monitor. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of recognizing common side effects of medications to provide appropriate monitoring and care for patients. Understanding the pharmacological actions and side effect profiles of medications is essential for nursing practice to ensure patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Tachycardia. When teaching a client about a new prescription for Hydralazine, a vasodilator used to treat hypertension, it is crucial to highlight potential adverse effects. Hydralazine can cause tachycardia as a common side effect due to its direct vasodilatory effect on arteries, leading to reflex tachycardia as the body compensates for the sudden drop in blood pressure. The incorrect options are B) Hyperglycemia, C) Hyponatremia, and D) Constipation. Hydralazine does not typically impact blood glucose levels, sodium levels, or cause constipation. Therefore, educating the client on monitoring for these specific adverse effects would not be relevant in the context of taking Hydralazine. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind monitoring specific adverse effects of medications enhances patient safety and promotes effective medication management. Nurses play a vital role in educating clients on medication side effects to empower them to recognize and report any concerning symptoms promptly, ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial to provide accurate instructions to clients for safe and effective medication use. In the case of Nitrofurantoin, which is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections, the correct instruction is to take the medication with food (Option A). This is because taking Nitrofurantoin with food helps to reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and upset stomach. Option B, which suggests avoiding dairy products while taking the medication, is incorrect. While it is true that dairy products can decrease the absorption of some antibiotics, Nitrofurantoin is not affected by dairy products, so there is no need to avoid them. Option C, advising to take the medication at bedtime, is also incorrect. Nitrofurantoin is typically taken multiple times a day to maintain therapeutic levels in the body, so timing it specifically at bedtime is not necessary. Option D, recommending an increase in vitamin C intake, is irrelevant to Nitrofurantoin therapy and therefore incorrect. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind medication instructions is vital for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure optimal patient outcomes. By explaining the reasons behind each instruction, we equip students with the knowledge to make informed decisions and provide safe care to their future patients.