A client is prescribed Amlodipine. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe and effective patient care. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Peripheral edema. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly prescribed for hypertension and angina. One of its common side effects is peripheral edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in the extremities. Tachycardia (option A) is unlikely with amlodipine as it actually helps lower heart rate by dilating blood vessels, reducing the workload on the heart. Hyperglycemia (option C) is not a common adverse effect of amlodipine. Hypertension (option D) is the condition being treated by amlodipine, so it wouldn't be an adverse effect to monitor. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of recognizing common side effects of medications to provide appropriate monitoring and care for patients. Understanding the pharmacological actions and side effect profiles of medications is essential for nursing practice to ensure patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial to provide accurate instructions to clients for safe and effective medication use. In the case of Nitrofurantoin, which is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections, the correct instruction is to take the medication with food (Option A). This is because taking Nitrofurantoin with food helps to reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and upset stomach. Option B, which suggests avoiding dairy products while taking the medication, is incorrect. While it is true that dairy products can decrease the absorption of some antibiotics, Nitrofurantoin is not affected by dairy products, so there is no need to avoid them. Option C, advising to take the medication at bedtime, is also incorrect. Nitrofurantoin is typically taken multiple times a day to maintain therapeutic levels in the body, so timing it specifically at bedtime is not necessary. Option D, recommending an increase in vitamin C intake, is irrelevant to Nitrofurantoin therapy and therefore incorrect. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind medication instructions is vital for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure optimal patient outcomes. By explaining the reasons behind each instruction, we equip students with the knowledge to make informed decisions and provide safe care to their future patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Avoid taking this medication with dairy products. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that can form chelates with divalent and trivalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron found in dairy products, antacids, and multivitamins. These chelates can reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin, leading to decreased effectiveness of the medication. Option A) Take this medication with meals is incorrect because taking ciprofloxacin with food may delay its absorption, but it is not a critical instruction like avoiding dairy products. Option C) Take this medication at bedtime does not impact the absorption or effectiveness of ciprofloxacin, so it is not a necessary instruction. Option D) Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods is irrelevant to ciprofloxacin therapy and does not play a role in the medication's mechanism of action or potential interactions. Educationally, understanding medication administration instructions is crucial for nurses to ensure the effectiveness of treatment and prevent potential drug interactions. Providing accurate information to clients about medication administration helps promote patient safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, the correct instruction for a client prescribed Phenytoin is option A) "Brush and floss your teeth regularly." Phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia, a side effect characterized by an overgrowth of gum tissue. By emphasizing good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, the nurse can help prevent or minimize this side effect. Option B) "Avoid drinking grapefruit juice" is incorrect because grapefruit juice is known to interact with certain medications by inhibiting their metabolism, but this is not a concern with Phenytoin. Option C) "Take this medication with food" is incorrect as Phenytoin is typically recommended to be taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption. Option D) "Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods" is incorrect as Phenytoin can actually interfere with the absorption of calcium, potentially leading to decreased levels in the body. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding medication-specific instructions and side effects. It underscores the significance of patient education in preventing adverse reactions and promoting medication adherence. Nurses play a crucial role in providing clear and accurate information to patients to ensure safe and effective medication management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the appropriate instructions for medication administration is crucial for patient safety and efficacy. In the case of Prednisone, which is a corticosteroid, the correct instruction among the options provided is to increase intake of potassium-rich foods (Option A). This is because Prednisone can cause potassium loss in the body, leading to potential complications such as hypokalemia. By increasing potassium-rich foods, the client can help maintain optimal potassium levels and prevent adverse effects. Option B, avoiding consuming grapefruit juice, is not directly related to Prednisone. Grapefruit juice is known to interact with certain medications by affecting their metabolism in the body, but this is not a concern with Prednisone. Option C, taking the medication with food, is a general guideline for many medications to prevent gastrointestinal upset. However, Prednisone can be taken with or without food, so this instruction is not specific to this medication. Option D, decreasing intake of sodium-rich foods, is not directly related to Prednisone either. Prednisone can cause sodium retention in the body, so reducing sodium intake may not be necessary unless the client has specific conditions that require sodium restriction. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding specific medication instructions based on the drug's mechanism of action and potential side effects. It underscores the need for individualized patient education to ensure safe and effective medication use.