ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is having a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. What action by the nurse takes priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure that valid consent is in the medical record. This is the priority because obtaining informed consent is essential before any invasive procedure like a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. It ensures that the client understands the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Administering pain medication (A), having the client shower (C), and premedicating with sedatives (D) are important aspects of care but obtaining valid consent is crucial for legal and ethical reasons before proceeding with the procedure.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following requires IL-2 and IL-4 in the conversion of unilineage progenitor cell into mature circulating cell?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: B lymphocyte. IL-2 and IL-4 are crucial for the differentiation of B lymphocytes from unilineage progenitor cells. IL-2 supports proliferation and survival of B cells, while IL-4 promotes their differentiation into mature circulating cells. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils develop independently of IL-2 and IL-4. Neutrophils mainly require granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), eosinophils require IL-5, and basophils are influenced by IL-3 and IL-5. Therefore, the correct answer is D as B lymphocytes specifically rely on IL-2 and IL-4 for their maturation.
Question 3 of 5
A 40 year old patient is presented with unilateral palpebral edema and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. He later develops megaesophagus and megacolon as complications. Which of the following vector is responsible for this parasitic infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rhodnius prolixus. This vector is responsible for transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi, causing Chagas disease. The initial symptoms of unilateral palpebral edema and lymphadenopathy are characteristic of Chagas disease. The complications of megaesophagus and megacolon are also common manifestations of chronic Chagas disease. Glossina morsitans (A) transmits African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Ixodes scapularis (B) transmits Lyme disease, and Simulium damnosum (D) transmits onchocerciasis (river blindness), so they are not associated with the symptoms described.
Question 4 of 5
The typical Reed-Sternberg cells are either infrequent or absent. Instead, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells or 'popcorn cells' are seen within a background of inflammatory cells, which are predominantly benign lymphocytes. Which type of Hodgkin's lymphoma best suit the description?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lymphocyte predominance. In this type of Hodgkin's lymphoma, the typical Reed-Sternberg cells are absent or rare. Instead, popcorn cells (lymphocytic and histiocytic cells) are seen among benign lymphocytes. This is characteristic of lymphocyte predominance subtype. A: Nodular sclerosis - characterized by lacunar Reed-Sternberg cells in a background of collagen bands. B: Mixed cellularity - characterized by numerous Reed-Sternberg cells, eosinophils, plasma cells, and histiocytes in a background of mixed inflammatory cells. C: Lymphocyte depleted - characterized by few Reed-Sternberg cells in a background of fibrosis and few inflammatory cells. Therefore, based on the description provided, choice D is the most appropriate answer.
Question 5 of 5
Mr XY was found to be anemic. During history taking, he informed his doctor that he was a strict vegetarian who did not consume any meat, fish or milk products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Vitamin B12 deficiency) Rationale: 1. Mr. XY is a strict vegetarian, avoiding meat, fish, and milk products. 2. Vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products, crucial for red blood cell production. 3. Vegetarians at risk of B12 deficiency due to limited dietary sources. 4. Anemia can result from B12 deficiency, leading to decreased red blood cell production. Summary: A: Iron deficiency - Possible but less likely since vegetarian diets can still provide iron. C: Defects in erythropoietin production - Unrelated to diet, more related to kidney function. D: Calcium-deficiency - Not directly related to anemia; more associated with bone health.