A client is experiencing an alteration in the health-perception–health-management pattern and an alteration in the values-beliefs pattern. Which of the following best describes the behavior of this person?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "Only sees a physician if not feeling well," best describes the behavior of a person experiencing an alteration in the health-perception–health-management and values-beliefs patterns. This choice aligns with the typical response of individuals who may not prioritize preventive care or seek medical attention until symptoms are present. Option A, "Never sees a physician," is incorrect as it represents an extreme behavior that is less common and not specified in the question stem. Option C, "Sees a physician for screenings only," does not capture the essence of seeking medical care primarily when symptoms are present. Option D, "Sees a physician for follow-up care of a chronic disease," also does not reflect the behavior described in the question, as it pertains to ongoing care for a known condition rather than sporadic visits based on symptomatology. From an educational perspective, understanding individuals' health-seeking behaviors based on their health perceptions and values is crucial in promoting health and preventing disease. Educating individuals on the importance of regular check-ups, preventive screenings, and early intervention can help foster a proactive approach to health management. By recognizing and addressing alterations in these patterns, healthcare providers can tailor interventions to support individuals in adopting healthier behaviors and attitudes towards healthcare.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the leading causes of death among women is crucial for healthcare professionals to tailor appropriate interventions. The correct answer, "C) Coronary artery disease," is the leading cause of death among women. This is a critical point as coronary artery disease often presents differently in women compared to men, leading to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Accidents (Option A) are a significant cause of mortality, but they are not the leading cause of death among women. Cancer (Option B) is a major health concern, but statistically, coronary artery disease surpasses it as the primary cause of death in women. Similarly, while stroke (Option D) is a serious condition, it is not as prevalent as coronary artery disease in terms of mortality rates among women. Educationally, this question underscores the importance of recognizing gender-specific health issues. By understanding that coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in women, healthcare providers can focus on preventive strategies, early detection, and tailored treatment plans to address this critical health issue effectively. Awareness of such statistics can empower healthcare professionals to advocate for gender-sensitive healthcare policies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of coronary artery disease in women.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Health-perception–health-management pattern. The health perception-health management pattern focuses on an individual's perceived health status and behaviors that promote health. The fact that the 27-year-old woman has not received a Pap test in years indicates a lack of proactive health management and preventive care, which falls under this pattern. Option B) Elimination pattern is related to bowel and bladder elimination, which is not relevant to the situation described. Option C) Activity-rest pattern pertains to activity level, sleep, and rest. This is not applicable to the lack of Pap test scenario. Option D) Self-perception–self-concept pattern involves self-identity and self-worth, which are not directly related to the need for a Pap test. Educationally, understanding functional patterns in nursing assessments is crucial for nurses to identify deviations from normal health patterns and provide appropriate interventions. By recognizing the significance of the health-perception–health-management pattern in preventive care, nurses can promote early detection of health issues and improve outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding health promotion strategies is crucial for preventing diseases like colon cancer. The correct answer, option B) High fiber diet, is a primary prevention method for colon cancer because a diet rich in fiber helps maintain regular bowel movements, reducing the time the colon is exposed to potential carcinogens. Option A) Hemoccult testing is a form of secondary prevention used for early detection of blood in the stool, not for preventing colon cancer itself. Option C) Colonoscopy is a form of screening and early detection, not a primary prevention method. Option D) Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure used for diagnosis or treatment, not for prevention. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of lifestyle factors in preventing diseases. Teaching students about primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention methods helps them understand the continuum of care and empowers them to make informed decisions about their health. Encouraging a high fiber diet as a primary prevention method for colon cancer aligns with evidence-based practice and promotes proactive health behaviors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) The nurse must ask additional questions. This answer is correct because the information provided about the person getting 5 hours of sleep per night is not sufficient to draw any definitive conclusions. As a healthcare provider, it is important to gather more information to fully assess the situation. The other options can be explained as follows: A) The person is not receiving enough sleep: While 5 hours of sleep may be inadequate for some individuals, it is not a universal standard. Sleep needs vary among individuals based on factors such as age, health status, and lifestyle. B) The person is receiving adequate sleep: Without further information and assessment, it is premature to determine that 5 hours of sleep is adequate for this particular individual. Adequate sleep duration is typically considered to be around 7-9 hours for adults. C) The nurse must determine where the person sleeps: The location where the person sleeps is not the primary concern in this scenario. The focus should be on assessing the adequacy of sleep duration and quality to address any potential sleep-related health issues. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of thorough assessment and critical thinking in healthcare practice. Nurses and healthcare providers must gather comprehensive data before making clinical judgments or recommendations to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. Asking additional questions allows for a more holistic understanding of the individual's sleep patterns and aids in developing appropriate health promotion strategies.