Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: It inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Mitomycin works by cross-linking DNA, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and ultimately causing cell death. This mechanism of action makes it effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells. B: It’s cell cycle-phase specific - This is incorrect because mitomycin is not specific to a particular phase of the cell cycle. C: It inhibits ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis - This is incorrect as mitomycin primarily targets DNA synthesis, not RNA synthesis. D: It inhibits protein synthesis - This is incorrect as mitomycin's main mechanism of action is through DNA cross-linking, not protein synthesis inhibition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopamine deficiency in the brain, leading to motor symptoms like bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement. Acetylcholine (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's symptoms. Serotonin (B) is involved in mood regulation, not movement control. Phenylalanine (D) is an amino acid and not directly related to Parkinson's pathology. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Focus on the patient's presenting situation. This is because in the problem-oriented approach, the nurse must first gather data related to the patient's current issue or concern. This initial focus helps in identifying the primary problem, setting priorities, and developing a care plan. Now, let's analyze the other choices: A: Completing questions in chronological order may not be necessary or relevant to addressing the patient's immediate issue. C: Making accurate interpretations of the data comes after data collection, so it is not the first step. D: Conducting an observational overview is important but should come after focusing on the patient's presenting situation to gather specific and relevant data.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Focus on the patient's presenting situation. In the problem-oriented approach, the nurse starts by gathering data related to the patient's current health issue or concern. This step is crucial as it helps identify the primary problem and sets the direction for further data collection and analysis. By focusing on the patient's presenting situation, the nurse can prioritize information gathering and make informed decisions about the next steps in care. Incorrect choices: A: Completing questions in chronological order may not be relevant to the patient's current issue and could lead to missing important details. C: Making accurate interpretations of the data comes after data collection, so it is not the first step. D: Conducting an observational overview is important but typically follows focusing on the presenting situation to gather specific information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Denial. The client's refusal to accept the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, stating that no one in their family has had it, indicates denial as a coping mechanism. Denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to acknowledge unpleasant realities. In this case, the client is rejecting the diagnosis to avoid facing the reality of having a chronic condition. The other choices (B: Anger, C: Withdrawal, D: Resolution) do not fit the client's response in this scenario. Anger involves expressing frustration or hostility, withdrawal is avoiding the situation, and resolution is accepting and dealing with the issue.