ATI RN
Burns Pediatric Primary Care Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The physician prescribes mitomycin (Mutamycin) with other chemotherapeutic agents for palliative treatment. How mitomycin does exert its cytotoxic effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitomycin exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming cross-links between adjacent guanine residues in DNA, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis. This mechanism disrupts the replication of cancer cells, ultimately inducing cell death. Mitomycin is an alkylating agent that primarily targets DNA, making it an effective treatment for certain types of cancers, such as adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
A client has possible malignancy of the colon, and surgery is scheduled. The rationale for administering Neomycin preoperatively is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rationale for administering Neomycin preoperatively in the case of possible malignancy of the colon is to decrease and retard the growth of normal bacteria in the intestines. This is important because surgical procedures involving the colon carry a risk of infection due to the abundant normal bacterial flora present in the intestines. By administering Neomycin prior to surgery, the goal is to reduce the number of bacteria in the colon and minimize the risk of postoperative infections. It is not used to prevent infection or treat cancer directly, nor is it meant to eliminate the need for preoperative enemas.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the ff suggestions should a nurse give breastfeeding mothers to prevent or eliminate mastitis and breast abscess? Choose all that apply
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Keeping hands and breasts clean is crucial in preventing infections like mastitis and breast abscess. Proper hygiene practices can help reduce the risk of introducing harmful bacteria to the breast during breastfeeding. It is essential for breastfeeding mothers to wash their hands before each feeding session and ensure that the breast is clean before nursing.
Question 4 of 5
If a patient has elevated pulmonary vascular pressures, the nurse understands that the patient is most likely to develop which of the ff. physiological cardiac changes?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated pulmonary vascular pressures can lead to pulmonary hypertension, which causes increased pressure in the right side of the heart. The right ventricle has to work harder to pump blood against the increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation. Over time, this can result in the development of right ventricular hypertrophy as the muscle of the right ventricle thickens in response to the increased workload. This is a compensatory mechanism to try to maintain cardiac output despite the increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Left atrial atrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and right atrial atrophy are not typically associated with elevated pulmonary vascular pressures.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse understands that a patient with BP readings 164/102 and 176/100 on two separate occasions would be classified in which hypertension category?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to the guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA), the patient's blood pressure readings of 164/102 and 176/100 on two separate occasions fall in the Stage 2 hypertension category. Stage 2 hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. The readings provided are significantly above these thresholds, indicating severe hypertension that requires prompt medical attention and management to reduce the risk of complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor and intervene in cases of Stage 2 hypertension to prevent further health complications.