ATI RN
Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is complaining of heartburn. The nurse understands this is caused by which change of pregnancy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The relaxation of the lower esophageal ('cardiac') sphincter. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to heartburn. This is known as gastroesophageal reflux. The other choices are incorrect because heartburn in pregnancy is not caused by an increase in water reabsorption by the colon (A), a decrease in the capacity of the stomach (C), or an increase in stomach acid production (D). The key factor in pregnancy-related heartburn is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows acid reflux into the esophagus.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is educating a client at her first prenatal visit about hormone changes. The nurse explains that which of the following is the purpose of progesterone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Progesterone relaxes smooth muscles. Progesterone is essential during pregnancy to maintain the uterine lining and prevent contractions that could lead to miscarriage. It also relaxes smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent premature labor. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because progesterone's primary role is not to stimulate uterine development, relax pelvic ligaments and joints, or prepare breasts for lactation.
Question 3 of 5
After receiving information on the signs and symptoms of potential complications during pregnancy, the prenatal client knows to immediately report which of the following to her health care provider? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Enlargement of breasts and tenderness. This is because backache, flank pain, burning on urination, abdominal cramping, and vaginal bleeding are not typically associated with potential complications during pregnancy. Enlargement of breasts and tenderness could indicate conditions like preeclampsia or ectopic pregnancy, which require immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications. The other choices do not directly relate to pregnancy complications and may not be urgent concerns. It's crucial for the prenatal client to report any unusual or concerning symptoms to her healthcare provider promptly to ensure the safety of both her and the baby.
Question 4 of 5
Now in her second trimester of pregnancy, the client, who was a marathon runner before nausea and overwhelming tiredness kept her from exercising regularly, is wondering whether she can run now. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Your level of exercise will be somewhat modified by the changes occurring in your body." Rationale: 1. Pregnancy impacts a woman's body significantly, including changes in hormones, weight distribution, and center of gravity. 2. These changes can affect a woman's ability to engage in high-impact activities like running. 3. The nurse's response acknowledges the need for modification in exercise routine to accommodate these changes. 4. It promotes a balanced approach to exercise during pregnancy, considering both the benefits of physical activity and the safety of the mother and baby. Summary of Other Choices: A: "Certainly, if you feel up to it." - This response oversimplifies the situation and does not consider the specific physiological changes during pregnancy that may impact the woman's ability to run safely. C: "Your primary health care provider will need to give you permission." - While consulting a healthcare provider is important, this response does not address the specific concerns related to exercise during pregnancy.
Question 5 of 5
A client at 20 weeks gestation has just been examined during a prenatal visit. Which assessment should the nurse recognize as an abnormal finding and the need for further testing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. At 20 weeks gestation, the fundal height should correspond closely to the number of weeks pregnant (around 20 cm). A fundal height of 26 cm indicates potential fetal growth abnormalities or incorrect dating. Further testing, such as an ultrasound, is needed to assess fetal growth and well-being. Choice B (Pulse rate 15 bpm higher) is not typically concerning during pregnancy as pulse rate can increase due to physiological changes. Choice C (Blood pressure of 128/68) falls within the normal range for pregnancy. Choice D (Deep tendon reflexes +2) is a normal finding and not an indication for further testing.