A client is brought to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals a full, bounding pulse, severe edema, and audible crackles in lower lung fields bilaterally. What is the client's most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluid volume excess. The client's symptoms of full, bounding pulse, severe edema, and crackles in the lung fields suggest fluid overload. A full, bounding pulse indicates increased circulating volume. Severe edema and crackles in the lungs are classic signs of fluid overload leading to pulmonary congestion. Hyponatremia (A) presents with different symptoms like confusion and muscle cramps. Electrolyte imbalance: hypocalcemia (C) would not typically present with the described symptoms. Hyperkalemia (D) would manifest with cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness, not the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Administering vitamin D supplements is the correct intervention for a patient with chronic kidney disease experiencing pruritus and signs of hypocalcemia. Vitamin D helps in calcium absorption and regulation, addressing the underlying cause of hypocalcemia. By increasing calcium levels, pruritus can also be alleviated. Summary: A: Administering vitamin D supplements is correct as it addresses both symptoms and the underlying cause. B: Prescribing a high-phosphate diet would worsen the condition as excess phosphate can further decrease calcium levels. C: Providing diuretics to reduce fluid retention does not address the hypocalcemia or pruritus. D: Increasing oral calcium intake through supplements may be harmful without addressing the underlying cause of hypocalcemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Take the medication with a full glass of water or food. This instruction is important because potassium supplements can irritate the stomach lining and cause gastrointestinal upset. Taking it with water or food helps to minimize these side effects. Option A is incorrect because potassium supplements should be taken with food to reduce gastric irritation. Option B is incorrect as crushing potassium tablets can lead to local irritation or damage to the esophagus. Option D is incorrect because diarrhea is a common side effect of potassium supplements and does not necessarily warrant discontinuation of the medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a 5'9" female, the rule-of-thumb method (100 lb for 5 ft + 5 lb per inch over) gives 145 lb (100 + 9*5 = 145).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Fiber binds cholesterol in the gut, increasing its excretion and lowering blood cholesterol.