ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is admitted to the hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse expect to note based on this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Common signs of acute viral hepatitis include weight loss, dark urine, and fatigue. The client is anorexic, possibly from a toxin produced by the diseased liver, and finds food distasteful. The urine darkens because of excess bilirubin being excreted by the kidneys. Fatigue occurs during all phases of hepatitis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client diagnose with pancreatitis. The nurse anticipates that the client would not experience an elevation of which of the following enzymes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The correct answer is B) Lactase. Lactase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose (milk sugar). Pancreatitis primarily affects enzymes produced by the pancreas, such as lipase, amylase, and trypsin. Lactase is produced by the small intestine, not the pancreas. Therefore, in pancreatitis, lactase levels would not be directly affected. 2. A) Lipase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that helps digest fats. In pancreatitis, lipase levels are typically elevated due to pancreatic inflammation and damage. 3. C) Amylase is another enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in digesting carbohydrates. In pancreatitis, amylase levels are often elevated, as the inflamed pancreas leaks this enzyme into the bloodstream. 4. D) Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas to digest proteins. In pancreatitis, trypsin levels can be elevated due to the release of digestive enzymes into the pancreas itself, leading to auto-digestion and further damage. Key Learning Points: - Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas. - Elevated levels of lipase and amylase are common markers of pancreatitis. - Lactase is not produced by the pancreas but by the small intestine. - Understanding enzyme functions and origins helps in diagnosing and managing pancreatic disorders. In conclusion, recognizing the specific enzymes affected in pancreatitis is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment. Lactase remains unaffected in pancreatitis, distinguishing it from the other enzymes typically elevated in this condition.
Question 3 of 5
The client is admitted to the hospital for treatment of acute hepatitis B. Which activity order would the nurse expect to be prescribed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The correct answer is A) Bedrest. Acute hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver, causing inflammation and damage. Bedrest is essential in the treatment of acute hepatitis B to reduce metabolic demands on the liver, promote healing, and prevent complications. Rest helps to conserve energy, reduce liver workload, and facilitate the body's immune response to fight the infection. 2. Option B) Encourage ambulation is incorrect because excessive physical activity can increase the metabolic demands on the liver, leading to further stress and potential complications. Rest is crucial for the liver to recover and regenerate. 3. Option C) Out of bed in a chair is also incorrect as it involves more physical activity than bedrest and may not provide the necessary rest for the liver to heal efficiently. Prolonged sitting may also increase the risk of complications like deep vein thrombosis. 4. Option D) No activity restrictions is incorrect because patients with acute hepatitis B require activity restrictions, especially during the acute phase of the illness. Engaging in strenuous activities can exacerbate liver inflammation and delay recovery. Educating patients on the importance of rest is vital in managing acute hepatitis B effectively.
Question 4 of 5
The physician orders a Salem sump tube for gastrointestinal intubation. The nurse prepares for the insertion and obtains which of the following items from the supply room?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The correct answer is B) A tube with a large lumen and an air vent. A Salem sump tube is a type of nasogastric tube designed for gastrointestinal intubation. It has two lumens - one for suctioning gastric contents and the other, the air vent, to prevent the tube from adhering to the gastric mucosa and causing injury during suctioning. 2. Option A) A tube with a single lumen that connects to suction is incorrect because a Salem sump tube requires two lumens for its specific functions - one for suction and the other for the air vent. 3. Option C) A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is used for controlling esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding, not for routine gastrointestinal intubation. 4. Option D) A Dobbhoff weighted tube is a type of feeding tube used for enteral feeding, not for gastrointestinal intubation like the Salem sump tube. Educational context: Understanding the specific characteristics and purposes of different types of tubes used in gastrointestinal interventions is crucial for nurses in providing safe and effective patient care. Knowing the features of each tube helps in selecting the appropriate device for the prescribed procedure, ensuring patient comfort and safety during tube insertion and maintenance.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse instructs the nursing assistant on how to provide oral hygiene for a client who cannot perform this task for himself. Which of the following techniques should the nurse tell the assistant to incorporate into the client's daily care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The correct answer is C) Swab the client's tongue, gums, and lips with a soft foam applicator every 2 hours. This technique helps maintain oral hygiene by removing debris and bacteria that can lead to infections, especially in clients who cannot perform oral care themselves. Regular cleaning every 2 hours helps prevent plaque buildup, reduces the risk of oral infections, and promotes overall oral health. 2. Option A) Assess the oral cavity each time mouth care is given and record observations is incorrect because while assessment is important, it does not address the actual oral hygiene maintenance needed for the client. 3. Option B) Using a soft toothbrush to brush the client's teeth after each meal is incorrect because clients who cannot perform oral care themselves may have difficulty tolerating tooth brushing, and brushing after each meal may be too frequent and could potentially cause harm to the gums or oral tissues. 4. Option D) Rinsing the client's mouth with mouthwash several times a day is incorrect because frequent use of mouthwash can disrupt the natural flora of the mouth, leading to imbalances and potential oral health issues. Additionally, rinsing alone may not effectively clean the oral cavity compared to physically swabbing the tongue, gums, and lips. In summary, the key learning point is that for clients who cannot perform oral care themselves, regular swabbing of the tongue, gums, and lips every 2 hours with a soft foam applicator is a more appropriate and effective technique to maintain oral hygiene and prevent complications.