ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is admitted to the emergency room complaining of difficulty of breathing and upon auscultation, the nurse noted that the patient has wheezes. An allergic reaction to penicillin was
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol (Ventolin HFA) is a short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator commonly used to treat asthma exacerbations and wheezing. In this case, the patient presenting with wheezes and difficulty breathing likely has bronchospasm, which albuterol can help relieve by relaxing the muscles in the airways. It is the first-line treatment for acute bronchospasm and is administered via inhalation to provide quick relief of symptoms. Albuterol works rapidly to open up the airways, making it an appropriate initial medication to administer in this situation.
Question 2 of 5
A patient tells the nurse that he likes to eat large amounts of garlic to help lower his cholesterol levels naturally. The nurse reviews his medication history and notes that which drug has a potential interaction with the garlic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Garlic has been reported to have potential interactions with warfarin, which is an anticoagulant medication. Garlic contains compounds that can also act as anticoagulants, and the combination with warfarin may increase the risk of bleeding. It can lead to potentiation of the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding complications. Therefore, patients taking warfarin should be cautious about consuming large amounts of garlic or garlic supplements. This potential interaction highlights the importance of discussing all dietary supplements with healthcare providers to prevent adverse events.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with a creatinine clearance of 20 mL/min is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. The patient is in need of rapid diuresis. Which class of diuretic does the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A patient with a creatinine clearance of 20 mL/min indicates impaired kidney function or renal insufficiency. Loop diuretics are the preferred choice for patients with reduced kidney function because they act on the loop of Henle in the nephron, which is independent of creatinine clearance. They are effective for rapid diuresis even in patients with significantly reduced renal function. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are commonly used in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease to promote diuresis and manage fluid overload. Thiazides are not as effective in patients with low glomerular filtration rates, and osmotic diuretics may not be appropriate for rapid diuresis in this scenario. Potassium-sparing diuretics are not typically used for rapid diuresis but rather for maintaining potassium balance in cases where patients are at risk for hypokalemia.
Question 4 of 5
A patient reports having adverse effects with nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse can suggest performing which action to minimize these undesirable effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking nicotinic acid (niacin) can help minimize flushing and other adverse effects associated with nicotinic acid therapy. Aspirin can help to reduce the vasodilation effects caused by nicotinic acid, thereby decreasing the flushing reaction experienced by the patient. This strategy is commonly recommended to help patients tolerate nicotinic acid therapy better and improve medication adherence.
Question 5 of 5
What is the action of Metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.