A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The history reveals bronchial asthma, exogenous obesity, and severe headaches. Which history finding is a risk factor for CVA?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Obesity. Obesity is a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) due to its association with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, all of which increase the risk of stroke. Excess weight can lead to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis, contributing to the development of CVAs. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Caucasian race is not a direct risk factor for CVA. Risk factors are based on individual health conditions rather than race. B: Female sex alone is not a risk factor for CVA. However, certain conditions more prevalent in females, such as migraine headaches or hormonal factors, could contribute to CVA risk. D: While bronchial asthma may lead to decreased oxygen supply and potentially increase stroke risk, it is not considered a major risk factor compared to obesity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum albumin. Serum albumin is the most reliable indicator of long-term nutritional status because it has a longer half-life compared to other lab values, reflecting protein intake over a longer period. Low serum albumin levels indicate chronic malnutrition. B: Serum potassium is not a reliable indicator of long-term nutritional status. C: Hematocrit reflects hydration status and can be influenced by factors other than nutrition. D: Blood glucose levels can fluctuate throughout the day and are not specific to long-term nutritional status.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. A mole with an asymmetrical shape is concerning for melanoma, a potentially deadly skin cancer. Asymmetry is a key characteristic of melanoma, warranting immediate attention for further evaluation and possible biopsy. B is incorrect as dry skin on the elbows is a common benign condition. C is incorrect as a small, round, and brown lesion is likely a benign mole or freckle. D is incorrect as faint, white striae are typically stretch marks and not urgent. In summary, the asymmetrical shape of a mole is alarming due to its association with melanoma, making it the finding requiring immediate attention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Concentric. During the activity of rising from a chair, the quadriceps contract and shorten to lift the body upward, which is a concentric contraction. This type of contraction generates force while the muscle is shortening. Choice B, Eccentric, involves the muscle lengthening while generating force, which does not occur when rising from a chair. Choice C, Isometric, involves the muscle contracting without changing length, which is not the case during this activity. Choice D, Isokinetic, refers to a type of muscle contraction at a constant speed, which is not specific to the scenario of rising from a chair.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outcomes. The patient's significant improvement in function after physical therapy intervention directly relates to the evaluation of outcomes. Outcomes refer to the results or effects of an intervention on a patient's health status or function. In this scenario, the improvement in function is a measurable outcome of the physical therapy intervention. Prognosis (choice A) relates to predicting the course of a condition, diagnosis (choice C) involves identifying the nature of a patient's condition, and intervention (choice D) refers to the specific treatment provided. Therefore, the patient's improvement in function aligns most closely with the evaluation of outcomes in the patient management model.