A client is 5 months pregnant. On a routine ultrasound scan, the physician discovers that the fetus has a diaphragmatic herniThe woman becomes distraught and asks the nurse what she should do. Which response would be most suitable?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Before the client makes any decisions, she should discuss this newly discovered information with a genetic counselor. Genetic counselors can help with the diagnosis and management of families affected by genetic conditions. The discussion of potential surgery should be pursuant to genetic counseling. Telling the woman that everything is going to be fine may give her false hope and is not accurate. All options should be discussed with the genetic counselor. Furthermore, the guiding principle for genetic counseling is nondirection, which respects the right of the individual or family who are being counseled to make autonomous decisions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Factor V Leiden is the most common inherited risk factor for primary or recurrent venous thromboembolism. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that increases an individual's risk for blood clots in the legs and pulmonary emboli. This risk significantly increases if the woman is pregnant or is taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Prophylactic anticoagulation therapy decreases the risk of comorbidities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Karyotyping provides genetic information such as gender and chromosomal structure. The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, not karyotyping, reveals lung maturity. Although karyotyping can detect genetic anomalies, the range of normal is nondescriptive, and not all such anomalies display obvious physical deformities. The term 'deformities' is a nondescriptive word, and physical anomalies may be present that are not detected by genetic studies (e.g., cardiac malformations).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Most tests now offered are tests for single-gene disorders in clients with clinical symptoms or clients who have a family history of a genetic disease. Carrier screening is used to identify individuals who have a gene mutation for a genetic condition but do not display symptoms. Predictive value testing is used only to clarify the genetic status of asymptomatic family members. Predispositional testing differs from the other types of genetic screening in that a positive result does not indicate a 100% chance of developing the condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.